NR 450 Exam -1 160+ (Latest 2026/2027 Edition) 100% Verified Q&A + Answer Key Solutions

NR 450 EXAM #1

160+ (Latest 2025-2026 Edition)
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,Question 1
cancer
Correct Answer
disease process that begins when a cell is transformed by genetic mutation of cellular DNA

Question 2
metastasis
Correct Answer
abnormal cells invade surrounding tissue and gain access to lymph and blood vessels carrying them to other areas
of the body

Question 3
malignant cancer cells
Correct Answer
cells or processes that are characteristic of cancer

Question 4
benign cancer cells
Correct Answer
cells that are not cancerous

Question 5
- screening
- early diagnosis
Correct Answer
what are the two important aspects of health care regarding cancer?

Question 6
- unintended weight loss
- hypercalcemia (due to direct metastasis or tumors that secrete hormonal factors that stimulate bone resorption)
- pathologic fracture (due to direct metastasis or loss of calcium in the bone)
- DVT and PE (blood issue due to the release of chemicals emitted by the cancer tumor which alters the clotting
cascade and platelet function)
Correct Answer
what are the four major concerning S/S for a cancer diagnosis?




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,Question 7
- reduced immune and blood producing function (decreased RBC, WBC, platelets)
- altered GI structure and function (seen w/ abd. tumors that obstruct the GI tract reducing the ability to absorb
nutrients/eliminate waste; anorexia, cachexia)
- motor and sensory deficits (cancer can invade the brain, bone, spinal cord and compress nerves)
- decreased respiratory function (airway obstruction, decreased lung capacity, hypoxemia, pulmonary edema/heart
failure)
Correct Answer
what are general disease related consequences of cancer?

Question 8
- body part origin
- cell type
Correct Answer
what are cancers named by?

Question 9
- genetic changes
- inherited traits
- errors in cell division
- environmental factors (tobacco, UV light, alcohol)
Correct Answer
what are cancers caused by?

Question 10
- smoking
- alcohol consumption
- excess body weight
- sedentary lifestyle
- dietary habits (cured meats)
- viruses (HPV)
Correct Answer
what are common risk factors for cancer?

Question 11
- viruses, bacteria
- physical agents (sunlight, radiation, chronic irritation)
- chemical agents (tobacco, asbestos)
- genetic, familial factors
- lifestyle factors
- hormonal agents
Correct Answer
carcinogenic agents and factors for cancer



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, Question 12
primary prevention
Correct Answer
reducing the risks of disease through health promotion and risk reduction strategies

Question 13
secondary prevention
Correct Answer
screening and early detection activities that seek to identify precancerous lesions and early stage cancer in
individuals who lack S/S of cancer

Question 14
tertiary prevention
Correct Answer
efforts focus on monitoring for and preventing recurrence of the primary cancer as well as screening for
development of secondary malignancies in cancer survivors

Question 15
tissue biopsy
Correct Answer
what is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cancer?

Question 16
staging
Correct Answer
determines the size of the tumor, the existence of local invasion, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis

Question 17
tumor, nodes, metastasis (TNM)

Correct Answer
what is the standard system for the staging of cancer called?

Question 18
grading
Correct Answer
pathologic classification of tumor cells: I-IV





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