HNG 540 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Why are antihypertensives useful? Answer: they lower the risk of
heart attacks, strokes and other complications by helping to lower high
blood pressure
◉ What medications help with heart disease? Answer: Statins
◉ Why are statins taken? Answer: to control cholesterol levels and
reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease
◉ What do drugs affecting the renal system do? Answer: blood pressure
regulation (medications like diuretics) and diabetes management
◉ What do diuretics do it the kidneys? Answer: help control blood
pressure and manage fluid balance
◉ What drugs can help slow the progression of kidney damage in
diabetes? Answer: ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin receptor blockers
,◉ What is the indication for nitrates? Answer: to treat and relieve the
symptoms of angina pectoris
◉ what is angina pectoris? Answer: a condition characterized by chest
pain or discomfort when the heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen
rich blood
◉ Example of a nitrate Answer: nitroglycerin
◉ mechanism of action for nitroglycerin Answer: relaxes and dilates
blood vessels (arterioles), increasing blood flow to the heart, thereby
reducing the hearts workload and relieving angina
◉ How is nitroglycerin administered? Answer: sublingually or as a
spray to provide rapid relief
◉ Considerations for extended release nitroglycerin Answer: do NOT
crush or break tablets or capsules as this could disrupt the intended
extended release mechanism
◉ What do diuretics do? Answer: promote increased diuresis (urination),
leading to removal of excess salt and water from the body
◉ What drug is the first line treatment for heart failure and
hypertension? Answer: a diuretic
, ◉ types of diuretics Answer: thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, and
potassium sparing diuretics
◉ how are diuretics chosen for a patient? Answer: based on specific
medical conditions and the patients needs
◉ Example of thiazide diuretic Answer: hydrochlorothiazide
(hydrodiuril)
◉ Example of loop diuretic Answer: Furosemide (lasix)
◉ Example of potassium sparing diuretic Answer: Spironolactone
(Aldactone)
◉ Indications for diuretics Answer: reduce edema, and lower blood
pressure
◉ In what type of patients is edema seem most commonly? Answer:
congestive heart failure, and hepatic (liver) disease
◉ What type of diuretic is usually give to congestive heart failure and
hepatic (liver disease) patients? Answer: a short acting loop diuretic like
furosemide
SOLVED QUESTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Why are antihypertensives useful? Answer: they lower the risk of
heart attacks, strokes and other complications by helping to lower high
blood pressure
◉ What medications help with heart disease? Answer: Statins
◉ Why are statins taken? Answer: to control cholesterol levels and
reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease
◉ What do drugs affecting the renal system do? Answer: blood pressure
regulation (medications like diuretics) and diabetes management
◉ What do diuretics do it the kidneys? Answer: help control blood
pressure and manage fluid balance
◉ What drugs can help slow the progression of kidney damage in
diabetes? Answer: ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin receptor blockers
,◉ What is the indication for nitrates? Answer: to treat and relieve the
symptoms of angina pectoris
◉ what is angina pectoris? Answer: a condition characterized by chest
pain or discomfort when the heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen
rich blood
◉ Example of a nitrate Answer: nitroglycerin
◉ mechanism of action for nitroglycerin Answer: relaxes and dilates
blood vessels (arterioles), increasing blood flow to the heart, thereby
reducing the hearts workload and relieving angina
◉ How is nitroglycerin administered? Answer: sublingually or as a
spray to provide rapid relief
◉ Considerations for extended release nitroglycerin Answer: do NOT
crush or break tablets or capsules as this could disrupt the intended
extended release mechanism
◉ What do diuretics do? Answer: promote increased diuresis (urination),
leading to removal of excess salt and water from the body
◉ What drug is the first line treatment for heart failure and
hypertension? Answer: a diuretic
, ◉ types of diuretics Answer: thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, and
potassium sparing diuretics
◉ how are diuretics chosen for a patient? Answer: based on specific
medical conditions and the patients needs
◉ Example of thiazide diuretic Answer: hydrochlorothiazide
(hydrodiuril)
◉ Example of loop diuretic Answer: Furosemide (lasix)
◉ Example of potassium sparing diuretic Answer: Spironolactone
(Aldactone)
◉ Indications for diuretics Answer: reduce edema, and lower blood
pressure
◉ In what type of patients is edema seem most commonly? Answer:
congestive heart failure, and hepatic (liver) disease
◉ What type of diuretic is usually give to congestive heart failure and
hepatic (liver disease) patients? Answer: a short acting loop diuretic like
furosemide
