MDC 3 EXAM 2 BUNDLED EXAMS STUDY
GUIDE WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2026
• hyperventilation, if someone is blowing off too much CO2 they
become more . Answer: Alkaline, respiratory alkalosis
• if a patient's lung are not functioning very well and they are unable to
remove or blow off CO2 very well, the CO2 will build up in their system
becoming . Answer: acidic, respiratory acidosis
• Perfusion . Answer: is adequate arterial blood flow through the
peripheral tissues (peripheral perfusion) and blood that is pumped by the
heart to oxygenate major body organs (central perfusion)
• upper respiratory tract . Answer: nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx
• Lower respiratory tract . Answer: Lungs,Trachea, two mainstem
bronchi, lobar, segmental, and subsegmental bronchi; bronchioles;
alveolar ducts; alveoli
• common cause of respiratory ailments . Answer: Cigarette smoke
,• Nursing care of a patient experiencing upper respiratory system
disorders . Answer: maintaining a patent airway to allow adequate
ventilation and oxygenation.
Along with a focused respiratory assessment, the nurse will utilize
information obtained from the patient and family during the admission
history interview. Information regarding the patient's history of upper
respiratory disorders, smoking, and environmental exposures will be
utilized to determine the necessary testing and treatment
• Normal Changes in Aging Adults . Answer: Alveoli function decreases
Ability to cough decreases
Lungs loose residual volume, vital capacity and gas exchange decreases.
Respiratory muscles atrophy
Vascular resistance increases, capillary flow decreases
Susceptibility to infection increases.
• The turbinates . Answer: three bones that protrude into the nasal
cavities from the internal portion of the nose
increase the total surface area for filtering, warming, and humidifying
inspired air before it passes into the nasopharynx.
• The paranasal sinuses . Answer: air-filled cavities within the bones that
surround the nasal passages
Lined with ciliated membrane, the sinuses provide resonance to speech,
decrease the weight of the skull, and act as shock absorbers in the event
of facial trauma..
,• Fremitus refers to vibratory tremors that can be felt through the chest
by palpation, Increased fremitus may indicate . Answer: compression or
consolidation of lung tissue, as occurs in pneumonia.
• Lung sounds . Answer: Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular
• Adventitious sounds . Answer: Crackles
Wheezes
Rhonchus
Pleural friction rub
• Other Indicators of Respiratory Adequacy . Answer: Cyanosis,
decreased capillary refill, clubbing of nails in fingers, level of
consciousness, Chest Circumference, Anxiety, Dyspnea Orthopnea,
General Appearance
• Diagnostic Assessment of lungs . Answer: Laboratory assessment
- RBC
- ABG- is a blood gas and this tells us the acid base balance of the
patient
- Sputum- can tell us if microorganisms are growing in the lung -
describe color, clarity, and any odor
, Imaging assessment
- x-rays-Xrays show us areas of opaque which usually indicate
pneumonia/consolidation of fluid
-CT- computed tomography. Lung nodules, areas of fluid buildup
Other noninvasive diagnostic assessments
- Pulse oximetry-circulating O2- tells us oxygen levels in the tissues-
usually fingers, toes, or earlobes
- Capnometry and capnography-how much CO2 is leaving the lungs.
-PFTs-Lung function- tell us how well the lungs function at moving air
in and out
- Exercise testing-Exercise tolerance
• Invasive Diagnostic Assessment . Answer: -Endoscopic examinations
-Bronchoscopy- is a camera that looks at the airway passages
-Thoracentesis- can remove fluid buildup from the lung
-Lung biopsy- is used to diagnose some lung diseases or cancer
• Which assessment finding for an older adult patient does the nurse
ascribe to the natural aging process? . Answer: A.Tightening of the vocal
cords
B.Decrease in residual volume
GUIDE WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2026
• hyperventilation, if someone is blowing off too much CO2 they
become more . Answer: Alkaline, respiratory alkalosis
• if a patient's lung are not functioning very well and they are unable to
remove or blow off CO2 very well, the CO2 will build up in their system
becoming . Answer: acidic, respiratory acidosis
• Perfusion . Answer: is adequate arterial blood flow through the
peripheral tissues (peripheral perfusion) and blood that is pumped by the
heart to oxygenate major body organs (central perfusion)
• upper respiratory tract . Answer: nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx
• Lower respiratory tract . Answer: Lungs,Trachea, two mainstem
bronchi, lobar, segmental, and subsegmental bronchi; bronchioles;
alveolar ducts; alveoli
• common cause of respiratory ailments . Answer: Cigarette smoke
,• Nursing care of a patient experiencing upper respiratory system
disorders . Answer: maintaining a patent airway to allow adequate
ventilation and oxygenation.
Along with a focused respiratory assessment, the nurse will utilize
information obtained from the patient and family during the admission
history interview. Information regarding the patient's history of upper
respiratory disorders, smoking, and environmental exposures will be
utilized to determine the necessary testing and treatment
• Normal Changes in Aging Adults . Answer: Alveoli function decreases
Ability to cough decreases
Lungs loose residual volume, vital capacity and gas exchange decreases.
Respiratory muscles atrophy
Vascular resistance increases, capillary flow decreases
Susceptibility to infection increases.
• The turbinates . Answer: three bones that protrude into the nasal
cavities from the internal portion of the nose
increase the total surface area for filtering, warming, and humidifying
inspired air before it passes into the nasopharynx.
• The paranasal sinuses . Answer: air-filled cavities within the bones that
surround the nasal passages
Lined with ciliated membrane, the sinuses provide resonance to speech,
decrease the weight of the skull, and act as shock absorbers in the event
of facial trauma..
,• Fremitus refers to vibratory tremors that can be felt through the chest
by palpation, Increased fremitus may indicate . Answer: compression or
consolidation of lung tissue, as occurs in pneumonia.
• Lung sounds . Answer: Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular
• Adventitious sounds . Answer: Crackles
Wheezes
Rhonchus
Pleural friction rub
• Other Indicators of Respiratory Adequacy . Answer: Cyanosis,
decreased capillary refill, clubbing of nails in fingers, level of
consciousness, Chest Circumference, Anxiety, Dyspnea Orthopnea,
General Appearance
• Diagnostic Assessment of lungs . Answer: Laboratory assessment
- RBC
- ABG- is a blood gas and this tells us the acid base balance of the
patient
- Sputum- can tell us if microorganisms are growing in the lung -
describe color, clarity, and any odor
, Imaging assessment
- x-rays-Xrays show us areas of opaque which usually indicate
pneumonia/consolidation of fluid
-CT- computed tomography. Lung nodules, areas of fluid buildup
Other noninvasive diagnostic assessments
- Pulse oximetry-circulating O2- tells us oxygen levels in the tissues-
usually fingers, toes, or earlobes
- Capnometry and capnography-how much CO2 is leaving the lungs.
-PFTs-Lung function- tell us how well the lungs function at moving air
in and out
- Exercise testing-Exercise tolerance
• Invasive Diagnostic Assessment . Answer: -Endoscopic examinations
-Bronchoscopy- is a camera that looks at the airway passages
-Thoracentesis- can remove fluid buildup from the lung
-Lung biopsy- is used to diagnose some lung diseases or cancer
• Which assessment finding for an older adult patient does the nurse
ascribe to the natural aging process? . Answer: A.Tightening of the vocal
cords
B.Decrease in residual volume
