PRINCIPLES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE SELF
ASSESSMENT PRACTICE EXAM 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ High-resolution manometry. Answer: A diagnostic tool used to
identify different types of achalasia based on esophageal motility
patterns, aiding in treatment decisions.
◉ Classic achalasia. Answer: A type of achalasia characterized by
minimal pressurization of the esophageal body, leading to dysphagia and
regurgitation of undigested food.
◉ Achalasia with esophageal compression. Answer: A type of achalasia
characterized by substantial fluid pressurization in the esophagus,
causing symptoms such as chest pain and heartburn.
◉ Spastic achalasia. Answer: A type of achalasia characterized by
spastic esophageal contractions, leading to symptoms similar to classic
achalasia but with different motility patterns.
◉ Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES). Answer: A motility disorder of the
esophagus that may be mistaken for spastic achalasia, causing chest pain
and difficulty swallowing.
, ◉ Proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Answer: A medication effective for
treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by reducing stomach
acid production, with minimal side effects.
◉ Interstitial nephritis. Answer: A rare side effect of prolonged PPI
therapy characterized by inflammation of the kidney tissue, leading to
impaired kidney function.
◉ Hypomagnesemia. Answer: A rare side effect of PPI therapy
characterized by severe, reversible magnesium deficiency, which can
lead to muscle cramps and seizures.
◉ H2 receptor antagonists. Answer: Medications less effective than PPIs
for GERD treatment but more effective than placebo, working by
reducing stomach acid production.
◉ Noninvasive testing for Helicobacter pylori. Answer: Recommended
for patients with suggestive symptoms and no other indication for
endoscopy, aiming to detect the presence of H. pylori without invasive
procedures.
◉ Serology for H. pylori. Answer: A noninvasive test with good
sensitivity and specificity for detecting H. pylori infection, aiding in the
diagnosis of related gastrointestinal conditions.
ASSESSMENT PRACTICE EXAM 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ High-resolution manometry. Answer: A diagnostic tool used to
identify different types of achalasia based on esophageal motility
patterns, aiding in treatment decisions.
◉ Classic achalasia. Answer: A type of achalasia characterized by
minimal pressurization of the esophageal body, leading to dysphagia and
regurgitation of undigested food.
◉ Achalasia with esophageal compression. Answer: A type of achalasia
characterized by substantial fluid pressurization in the esophagus,
causing symptoms such as chest pain and heartburn.
◉ Spastic achalasia. Answer: A type of achalasia characterized by
spastic esophageal contractions, leading to symptoms similar to classic
achalasia but with different motility patterns.
◉ Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES). Answer: A motility disorder of the
esophagus that may be mistaken for spastic achalasia, causing chest pain
and difficulty swallowing.
, ◉ Proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Answer: A medication effective for
treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by reducing stomach
acid production, with minimal side effects.
◉ Interstitial nephritis. Answer: A rare side effect of prolonged PPI
therapy characterized by inflammation of the kidney tissue, leading to
impaired kidney function.
◉ Hypomagnesemia. Answer: A rare side effect of PPI therapy
characterized by severe, reversible magnesium deficiency, which can
lead to muscle cramps and seizures.
◉ H2 receptor antagonists. Answer: Medications less effective than PPIs
for GERD treatment but more effective than placebo, working by
reducing stomach acid production.
◉ Noninvasive testing for Helicobacter pylori. Answer: Recommended
for patients with suggestive symptoms and no other indication for
endoscopy, aiming to detect the presence of H. pylori without invasive
procedures.
◉ Serology for H. pylori. Answer: A noninvasive test with good
sensitivity and specificity for detecting H. pylori infection, aiding in the
diagnosis of related gastrointestinal conditions.
