SHS 367: TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH FULL A+ SOLUTIONS,
UPDATED 2026, SUCCESS ASSURED
1. Sensory Memory: The Immediate Buffer
Sensory memory holds a raw, unprocessed record of what your senses perceive. It
acts as a buffer, giving the brain a moment to select what is important enough to
pay attention to.
Iconic Memory: A very brief sensory store for visual information. It
typically lasts for less than half a second ($250-500$ milliseconds).
Echoic Memory: A brief sensory store for auditory information. This
"echo" lasts slightly longer (up to $3-4$ seconds), which is why you can
sometimes "hear" a question after it was asked even if you weren't initially
focused on the speaker.
2. Baddeley’s Working Memory Model
Working memory is the "mental workbench" where we actively manipulate
information. It isn't just a storage unit; it’s a processing center.
Central Executive: The "manager" of the system. It directs attention,
suppresses irrelevant information, and coordinates the two sub-systems
below.
Phonological Loop: The component that handles verbal and auditory
information. It uses an "articulatory rehearsal" process (the "inner voice") to
keep words or numbers active.
Visuo-spatial Sketchpad: The component that handles visual and spatial
information. This allows you to mentally "see" a map or rotate an object in
your mind.
3. Tulving’s Long-Term Memory (LTM)
Once information is encoded, it moves into long-term storage, which Endel
Tulving categorized into different types of "Explicit" or "Declarative" memory.
, Episodic Memory: This involves personal experiences and specific events
(e.g., your first day of school, a wedding, or what you ate for dinner last
night). It is essentially "mental time travel."
Semantic Memory: This involves general world knowledge, facts, and
concepts that are not tied to a specific personal event (e.g., knowing that
Paris is the capital of France or knowing what a "dog" is).
Procedural Memory -ANSWER✔✔Tulving's Long-Term Memory system that
involves skill knowledge
Working Memory -ANSWER✔✔Tulving's Long-Term Memory system that
involves actively used information
Sensory Memory -ANSWER✔✔Tulving's Long-Term Memory system that
involves raw visual and auditory information
The information Procesing Model by Atkins & Shiffrin -ANSWER✔✔Sensory
Store, Working Memory, & Long-Term Memory
Skinner; Language is... -ANSWER✔✔learned; based on stimulus--> response
associations; shaped by imitation & reinforcement
Chomsky argued against Skinner that.. -ANSWER✔✔Poverty stimulus argument--
-> we aren't exposed to all possible sentences; Language is CREATIVE!
Chomsky Language is... -ANSWER✔✔annate; has a universal grammer
(knowledge of grammer underlying all languages)
ANSWERS WITH FULL A+ SOLUTIONS,
UPDATED 2026, SUCCESS ASSURED
1. Sensory Memory: The Immediate Buffer
Sensory memory holds a raw, unprocessed record of what your senses perceive. It
acts as a buffer, giving the brain a moment to select what is important enough to
pay attention to.
Iconic Memory: A very brief sensory store for visual information. It
typically lasts for less than half a second ($250-500$ milliseconds).
Echoic Memory: A brief sensory store for auditory information. This
"echo" lasts slightly longer (up to $3-4$ seconds), which is why you can
sometimes "hear" a question after it was asked even if you weren't initially
focused on the speaker.
2. Baddeley’s Working Memory Model
Working memory is the "mental workbench" where we actively manipulate
information. It isn't just a storage unit; it’s a processing center.
Central Executive: The "manager" of the system. It directs attention,
suppresses irrelevant information, and coordinates the two sub-systems
below.
Phonological Loop: The component that handles verbal and auditory
information. It uses an "articulatory rehearsal" process (the "inner voice") to
keep words or numbers active.
Visuo-spatial Sketchpad: The component that handles visual and spatial
information. This allows you to mentally "see" a map or rotate an object in
your mind.
3. Tulving’s Long-Term Memory (LTM)
Once information is encoded, it moves into long-term storage, which Endel
Tulving categorized into different types of "Explicit" or "Declarative" memory.
, Episodic Memory: This involves personal experiences and specific events
(e.g., your first day of school, a wedding, or what you ate for dinner last
night). It is essentially "mental time travel."
Semantic Memory: This involves general world knowledge, facts, and
concepts that are not tied to a specific personal event (e.g., knowing that
Paris is the capital of France or knowing what a "dog" is).
Procedural Memory -ANSWER✔✔Tulving's Long-Term Memory system that
involves skill knowledge
Working Memory -ANSWER✔✔Tulving's Long-Term Memory system that
involves actively used information
Sensory Memory -ANSWER✔✔Tulving's Long-Term Memory system that
involves raw visual and auditory information
The information Procesing Model by Atkins & Shiffrin -ANSWER✔✔Sensory
Store, Working Memory, & Long-Term Memory
Skinner; Language is... -ANSWER✔✔learned; based on stimulus--> response
associations; shaped by imitation & reinforcement
Chomsky argued against Skinner that.. -ANSWER✔✔Poverty stimulus argument--
-> we aren't exposed to all possible sentences; Language is CREATIVE!
Chomsky Language is... -ANSWER✔✔annate; has a universal grammer
(knowledge of grammer underlying all languages)
