SJD1501 ASSIGNMENT 6 LATEST UPDATED 2026-2027 VERSION
FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ACCURATE ANSWERS ASSURED A+ GRADED
What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor (0-2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete (7-11)
Formal (11+)
What are the muscles involved in inspiration?
Diaphragm
External intercostal muscles: raise the ribs up and out
Serrates posterior superior: elevates rib cage
Levator costarium brevis: elevates rib cage
Levator costarum logies: elevates rib cage
What are the muscles involved in expiration?
Internal intercostal muscles
Latissimus dorsi
Rectum abdominis
Transverse abdominis
,Internal oblique abdominal
Quadrates lumborum
What structures are involved in respiration?
Lungs
Bronchi
Trachea
Spinal column
Sternum: manubrium, corpus, xiphoid process
Rib cage
What is the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory?
It's a theory of phonation. VF closure -> build up of sub glottal air pressure -> pressure blows the
folds apart -> folds vibrate -> air moves through glottal opening, decreasing pressure -> folds
sucked back together.
What are the laryngeal cartilages?
Hyoid bone
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoids
Corniculates
,Discuss the vocal folds, aryepiglottic folds and ventricular folds.
Vocal folds:
They have three layers
Epithelium: the outer cover.
Lamina propia: the middle.
Vocalis muscle: the body
Aryepiglottic folds:
They go from arytenoids to larynx. Help preserve airway.
Ventricular folds:
Sometimes vibrate with low frequencies.
What are the intrinsic muscles involved in phonation?
internal thyroarytenoid: it's the primary portion of thryoarynteoid muscles. it vibrates and
produces sounds.
cricothyroid: lengthens and tenses vocal folds.
oblique and transverse arytenoid: contract and pull arynteoids together for adduction.
posterior cricoarynteoid: abducts
lateral cricoarytenoid: adducts
, What are the extrinsic muscles involved in phonation?
Elevators:
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
Depressors:
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothryoid
Sternohyoid
How many/what type of teeth do we have?
32 teeth: 4 incisors, 2 canine, 4 premolar and 6 molar
What are the parts of the tongue?
tip, blade, dorsum, root and lingual frenulum.
FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ACCURATE ANSWERS ASSURED A+ GRADED
What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor (0-2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete (7-11)
Formal (11+)
What are the muscles involved in inspiration?
Diaphragm
External intercostal muscles: raise the ribs up and out
Serrates posterior superior: elevates rib cage
Levator costarium brevis: elevates rib cage
Levator costarum logies: elevates rib cage
What are the muscles involved in expiration?
Internal intercostal muscles
Latissimus dorsi
Rectum abdominis
Transverse abdominis
,Internal oblique abdominal
Quadrates lumborum
What structures are involved in respiration?
Lungs
Bronchi
Trachea
Spinal column
Sternum: manubrium, corpus, xiphoid process
Rib cage
What is the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory?
It's a theory of phonation. VF closure -> build up of sub glottal air pressure -> pressure blows the
folds apart -> folds vibrate -> air moves through glottal opening, decreasing pressure -> folds
sucked back together.
What are the laryngeal cartilages?
Hyoid bone
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoids
Corniculates
,Discuss the vocal folds, aryepiglottic folds and ventricular folds.
Vocal folds:
They have three layers
Epithelium: the outer cover.
Lamina propia: the middle.
Vocalis muscle: the body
Aryepiglottic folds:
They go from arytenoids to larynx. Help preserve airway.
Ventricular folds:
Sometimes vibrate with low frequencies.
What are the intrinsic muscles involved in phonation?
internal thyroarytenoid: it's the primary portion of thryoarynteoid muscles. it vibrates and
produces sounds.
cricothyroid: lengthens and tenses vocal folds.
oblique and transverse arytenoid: contract and pull arynteoids together for adduction.
posterior cricoarynteoid: abducts
lateral cricoarytenoid: adducts
, What are the extrinsic muscles involved in phonation?
Elevators:
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
Depressors:
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothryoid
Sternohyoid
How many/what type of teeth do we have?
32 teeth: 4 incisors, 2 canine, 4 premolar and 6 molar
What are the parts of the tongue?
tip, blade, dorsum, root and lingual frenulum.
