Chem 1020 Final Exam Study Guide
Matter. - answer Any solid, liquid, gas, or plasma that occupies space and has a mass.
Mixture. - answer A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically
combined.
Homogeneous. - answer A single-phase combination of solids, liquids, or gases with a
uniform distribution of its constituents throughout the substance.
Heterogeneous. - answer A single-phase combination of solids, liquids, or gases that
are not uniformly distributed throughout the substance.
Solution. - answerA homogeneous (of uniform composition) mixture of a solvent and
one or more solutes.
Atom. - answerThe smallest building block that can exist as a stable, independent
entity.
Element. - answerOne of the 100 or so pure substances in our world from which
compounds are formed. Elements contain only one type of atom.
Compound. - answerA pure substance that is comprised of two or more different types
of atoms in a fixed, characteristic chemical combination.
Molecule. - answerTwo or more atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain
spatial arrangement.
Chemical formula. - answerA symbolic way to represent the elementary composition of
a substance. It reveals both the elements present (by chemical symbols) and the atomic
ratio of those elements (by the subscripts).
Molecular compound. - answerA pure substance that contains two or more atoms from
nonmetallic elements.
Ionic compound. - answerA compound composed of ions that are present in fixed
proportions and arranged in regular, geometric structure.
Allotropes. - answerDifferent structural forms of the same element.
The names of Groups 1 and 2. - answerGroup 1 - Alkali metals.
Group 2 -Alkaline earth metals.
, The names of Groups 17 and 18. - answerGroup 17 - Halogens.
Group 18 - Noble gases.
What are rare earth metals used for? - answerCatalytic converters, fluorescent lighting,
memory chips, rechargeable batteries, magnets, and speakers inside of cell phones and
other portable electronic devices.
Radiation. - answerthe emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving
subatomic particles.
Wavelength. - answerThe distance between successive peaks in a sequence of waves.
Frequency. - answerThe number of waves passing a fixed point in one second.
UVA. - answerBlack light. Reaches Earth's surface in the greatest quantity and
penetrates farthest into the skin. Lowest energy. 320-400 nm.
UVB. - answerMost UVB is absorbed by ozone (O3) in the stratosphere. UVB damages
the outermost layer of your skin. Medium energy. 280-320 nm.
UVC. - answerAlthough UVC radiation is very harmful, it is completely absorbed by O2
and O3 in the stratosphere. Highest energy. 200-280 nm.
Energy of a photon equation. - answerE = hc/λ
E = the energy of a single photon in units of joules J
h = Planck's constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J•s)
c = 3.00 x 10^8 m/s
λ = wavelength
As the wavelength of radiation gets shorter... - answer...the energy of its photons
increases.
Solvent. - answerThe medium that dissolves the solute in the solution.
Solute. - answerThe substance that is being dissolved in a solution.
Precipitate. - answerThe solid deposited during a precipitation event, when a solid drops
out of a homogeneous solution. This generally refers to an amorphous solid, with no
long-range structural order, but it can also be used to describe a crystalline solid
deposited slowly from a solution.
Isotope. - answerA radioactive form of an element.
Mole. - answerAn Avogadro's number of objects.
Matter. - answer Any solid, liquid, gas, or plasma that occupies space and has a mass.
Mixture. - answer A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically
combined.
Homogeneous. - answer A single-phase combination of solids, liquids, or gases with a
uniform distribution of its constituents throughout the substance.
Heterogeneous. - answer A single-phase combination of solids, liquids, or gases that
are not uniformly distributed throughout the substance.
Solution. - answerA homogeneous (of uniform composition) mixture of a solvent and
one or more solutes.
Atom. - answerThe smallest building block that can exist as a stable, independent
entity.
Element. - answerOne of the 100 or so pure substances in our world from which
compounds are formed. Elements contain only one type of atom.
Compound. - answerA pure substance that is comprised of two or more different types
of atoms in a fixed, characteristic chemical combination.
Molecule. - answerTwo or more atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain
spatial arrangement.
Chemical formula. - answerA symbolic way to represent the elementary composition of
a substance. It reveals both the elements present (by chemical symbols) and the atomic
ratio of those elements (by the subscripts).
Molecular compound. - answerA pure substance that contains two or more atoms from
nonmetallic elements.
Ionic compound. - answerA compound composed of ions that are present in fixed
proportions and arranged in regular, geometric structure.
Allotropes. - answerDifferent structural forms of the same element.
The names of Groups 1 and 2. - answerGroup 1 - Alkali metals.
Group 2 -Alkaline earth metals.
, The names of Groups 17 and 18. - answerGroup 17 - Halogens.
Group 18 - Noble gases.
What are rare earth metals used for? - answerCatalytic converters, fluorescent lighting,
memory chips, rechargeable batteries, magnets, and speakers inside of cell phones and
other portable electronic devices.
Radiation. - answerthe emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving
subatomic particles.
Wavelength. - answerThe distance between successive peaks in a sequence of waves.
Frequency. - answerThe number of waves passing a fixed point in one second.
UVA. - answerBlack light. Reaches Earth's surface in the greatest quantity and
penetrates farthest into the skin. Lowest energy. 320-400 nm.
UVB. - answerMost UVB is absorbed by ozone (O3) in the stratosphere. UVB damages
the outermost layer of your skin. Medium energy. 280-320 nm.
UVC. - answerAlthough UVC radiation is very harmful, it is completely absorbed by O2
and O3 in the stratosphere. Highest energy. 200-280 nm.
Energy of a photon equation. - answerE = hc/λ
E = the energy of a single photon in units of joules J
h = Planck's constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J•s)
c = 3.00 x 10^8 m/s
λ = wavelength
As the wavelength of radiation gets shorter... - answer...the energy of its photons
increases.
Solvent. - answerThe medium that dissolves the solute in the solution.
Solute. - answerThe substance that is being dissolved in a solution.
Precipitate. - answerThe solid deposited during a precipitation event, when a solid drops
out of a homogeneous solution. This generally refers to an amorphous solid, with no
long-range structural order, but it can also be used to describe a crystalline solid
deposited slowly from a solution.
Isotope. - answerA radioactive form of an element.
Mole. - answerAn Avogadro's number of objects.
