NR565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FINAL
EXAMINATION 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ TRH. Answer: from the hypothalamus controls the release of TSH
◉ TSH (negative feedback loop). Answer: acts as the gauge for the
hypothalamus to know if it needs more or less TRH and subsequently
more or less TSH
◉ Acute symptoms of diabetes plus casual plasma glucose concentration
greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL.
Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/d (8hrs).
Answer: Diabetes Mellitis
◉ 2 hour post-load plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test
greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL. The test uses a glucose load
containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water..
Answer: Diabetes Mellitis (glucose tolerance test)
◉ HgB A1c > or equal to 6.5. Answer: Diabetes Mellitis Labs
,◉ Pre-Diabetes Glucose tolerance test. Answer: Plasma glucose 140 to
199 mg/dL (IGT) 2 hours post-ingestion of standard glucose load (75 g)
or
◉ HgB A1c 5.7-6.4. Answer: Prediabetes
◉ Diabetes Treatment Step 1. Answer: Lifestyle Changes
Metformin
◉ Diabetes Treatment Step 2. Answer: Step 1 (lifestyle and metformin)
Second Drug
◉ Diabetes Treatment Step 3. Answer: Step 1+2
Third Drug
◉ Diabetes Treatment step 4. Answer: Consider GLP-1 Agonist if Step 3
includes basal insulin
◉ Insulin Human. Answer: Pancreas Basal Cells in langeran's
◉ Insulin accelerant. Answer: Corticosteroids
◉ Compound Effect Insulin Medication. Answer: Sulfonyureas (ides)
, ◉ Rapid ACTING INsulin. Answer: Lispro (Humalog)
Aspart (Novolog)
Glulisine (Apidra)
(15-30m) onset, duration 3-6 hour
◉ Short Acting insulin. Answer: - Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
- Onset 30 min-1 hr
- peak 2-5 hr
- duration 6-10 hr
◉ Long Acting Ins. Answer: glargine (Lantus)
detemir (Levemir)
(onset 70 minutes) duration 18-24 hours
◉ Ultralong In. Answer: Tresiba
Onset (30-90 min)
duration >24hours
◉ Metformin black box warning. Answer: -lactic acidosis increased with
CKD, liver disease, severe infection, excessive alcohol intake, shock, or
hypoexmia
EXAMINATION 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ TRH. Answer: from the hypothalamus controls the release of TSH
◉ TSH (negative feedback loop). Answer: acts as the gauge for the
hypothalamus to know if it needs more or less TRH and subsequently
more or less TSH
◉ Acute symptoms of diabetes plus casual plasma glucose concentration
greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL.
Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/d (8hrs).
Answer: Diabetes Mellitis
◉ 2 hour post-load plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test
greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL. The test uses a glucose load
containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water..
Answer: Diabetes Mellitis (glucose tolerance test)
◉ HgB A1c > or equal to 6.5. Answer: Diabetes Mellitis Labs
,◉ Pre-Diabetes Glucose tolerance test. Answer: Plasma glucose 140 to
199 mg/dL (IGT) 2 hours post-ingestion of standard glucose load (75 g)
or
◉ HgB A1c 5.7-6.4. Answer: Prediabetes
◉ Diabetes Treatment Step 1. Answer: Lifestyle Changes
Metformin
◉ Diabetes Treatment Step 2. Answer: Step 1 (lifestyle and metformin)
Second Drug
◉ Diabetes Treatment Step 3. Answer: Step 1+2
Third Drug
◉ Diabetes Treatment step 4. Answer: Consider GLP-1 Agonist if Step 3
includes basal insulin
◉ Insulin Human. Answer: Pancreas Basal Cells in langeran's
◉ Insulin accelerant. Answer: Corticosteroids
◉ Compound Effect Insulin Medication. Answer: Sulfonyureas (ides)
, ◉ Rapid ACTING INsulin. Answer: Lispro (Humalog)
Aspart (Novolog)
Glulisine (Apidra)
(15-30m) onset, duration 3-6 hour
◉ Short Acting insulin. Answer: - Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
- Onset 30 min-1 hr
- peak 2-5 hr
- duration 6-10 hr
◉ Long Acting Ins. Answer: glargine (Lantus)
detemir (Levemir)
(onset 70 minutes) duration 18-24 hours
◉ Ultralong In. Answer: Tresiba
Onset (30-90 min)
duration >24hours
◉ Metformin black box warning. Answer: -lactic acidosis increased with
CKD, liver disease, severe infection, excessive alcohol intake, shock, or
hypoexmia
