INTERNATIONAAL SOCIAAL WERK
Universiteit Gent
2025 - 2026
Lies Poppe
,INHOUD
H1: THEORIELES 1 ............................................................................................................................. 10
1. Internationaal sociaal werk .................................................................................................... 10
1.1. Sociaal werk praktijken in een ander land dan het thuisland van de sociaal werker ( =
internationale zit in de locatie ) .................................................................................................... 10
1.2. SOciaal werk binnen internationale organisaties ............................................................. 10
1.3. Werken met doelgroepen/problemen die hun oorsprong hebben in andere landen/over
grenzen heen ( = doelgroep/problematiek).................................................................................... 10
1.4. Het streven naar SW als “global profession” ................................................................... 10
1.5. 3 grote internationale organisaties ................................................................................. 11
1.6. Internationale discipline en gedeelde agenda ................................................................. 11
2. Kritiek op Internationaal sociaal werk – focus van de cursus .................................................... 11
2.1. Kritiek 1: gebrek aan definitie niet problematisch – maar gebrek aan aandacht voor/analyse
van macht (historisch en nu)........................................................................................................ 11
2.2. Kritiek 2: te grote focus op inter-nationaal (natiestaten als natuurlijk gegeven) – kritiek van
‘methodologisch nationalisme’.................................................................................................... 11
3. Transnationalisme................................................................................................................. 12
3.1. Transnational social work .............................................................................................. 12
4. Deze cursus: sociaal werk in globaal – lokaal perspectief ........................................................ 12
4.1. Overzicht ...................................................................................................................... 12
5. Globalisering......................................................................................................................... 13
5.1. Inleiding globalisering.................................................................................................... 13
6. Ongelijkheid .......................................................................................................................... 13
6.1. Mondiale ongelijkheid ................................................................................................... 13
7. Kapitalisme via imperialisme ................................................................................................. 16
7.1. Imperialisme ................................................................................................................ 16
8. Kolonisatie............................................................................................................................ 18
8.1. Afrika............................................................................................................................ 18
9. Post-koloniale periode en neo-kolonialisme ........................................................................... 18
9.1. Post-koloniale periode .................................................................................................. 18
9.2. Neo-kolonialisme.......................................................................................................... 19
10. Andere kijk op geschiedenis ................................................................................................... 22
H2: THEORIELES 2 ............................................................................................................................. 22
1. Inhoud van de les .................................................................................................................. 22
2. Social Work’s History of complicity with Colonialsim............................................................... 22
2.1. Geschiedenis ontwikkelingssamenwerking ............................................................................ 23
3. Internationale discussies ....................................................................................................... 24
1
, 4. Sustainable develoment goals ............................................................................................... 25
5. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking ................................................................................................. 26
5.1. Blijvende uitdagingen............................................................................................................ 26
6. Sociaal werk ......................................................................................................................... 27
6.1. Blijvende uitdagingen............................................................................................................ 27
7. Humanitaire hulp en ontwikkelingssamenwerking ................................................................... 28
7.1. Noodhulp = humanitaire hulp ........................................................................................ 28
8. Internationale samenwerking ................................................................................................. 29
8.1. Internationale (onwtikkelings)samenwerking .................................................................. 29
8.2. Gouvermenteel – bilateraal............................................................................................ 29
8.3. Intergouvermenteel – multi-lateraal ............................................................................... 29
9. Non-gouvermentele organisaties (NGO’s) ............................................................................... 33
9.1. Non-gouvermenteel ...................................................................................................... 33
H3: EXTERNALISATIE & MOBILITEIT EN RECHTVAARDIGHEID ............................................................... 35
1. Grenzen, natie-staten en sovereiniteit .................................................................................... 35
1.1. Natie-staten en soevereiniteit ........................................................................................ 35
2. Migratiebeheer via migratie managment ................................................................................. 36
2.1. Migratiebeheer.............................................................................................................. 36
2.2. Filosofieën van migratiebeheer ...................................................................................... 36
2.3. Migratiemanagment ...................................................................................................... 36
2.4. International organization for migration .......................................................................... 37
3. Externalisering van de EU grenzen .......................................................................................... 37
3.1. Externalisering .............................................................................................................. 37
3.2. Wat toont dit aan? ......................................................................................................... 37
3.3. VISA beleid ................................................................................................................... 38
4. Humanitair grenswerk ........................................................................................................... 39
5. Sensibiliseringscampagnes: migrants as messengers ............................................................. 40
5.1. Sensibiliseringscampagnes ........................................................................................... 40
5.2. Migrant as messenger ................................................................................................... 40
6. Mobility Justice – podcast spijkerboer – Migratie, kolonialisme en ras ....................................... 41
6.1. Wat is migratierecht? .................................................................................................... 41
6.2. Koloniale oorsprong van migratierecht ........................................................................... 41
6.3. Vitoria en het recht om te migreren (1539) ...................................................................... 41
6.4. Hugo de Groot en de vrije zee......................................................................................... 41
6.5. Vattel en staatssoevereiniteit (18e eeuw) ....................................................................... 42
6.6. De omkering in de 19e eeuw: ras en uitsluiting ................................................................ 42
6.7. Europa, dekolonisatie en visumplicht ............................................................................. 42
2
, 6.8. Volledige juridische omkering (1959–1985) ..................................................................... 42
6.9. Ongelijke mondiale mobiliteit ........................................................................................ 42
6.10. Grensdoden en Europees beleid .................................................................................... 42
6.11. Kennis, macht en onderzoek .......................................................................................... 43
7. Tekst Epistemic Borderwork Violent Pushbacks at the EU Border ............................................. 43
7.1. grenzen als epistemisch geweld..................................................................................... 43
7.2. Wat zijn pushbacks? ..................................................................................................... 43
7.3. Epistemische onrechtvaardigheid en testimonial injustice .............................................. 43
7.4. Epistemic borderwork ................................................................................................... 44
7.5. Circulaire logica van illegalisering .................................................................................. 44
7.6. Epistemische wrijving (Epistemic friction) ....................................................................... 45
7.7. Archieven en zones of refusal ........................................................................................ 45
7.8. Maps of refusal & counter-cartography........................................................................... 45
7.9. Rol grasseoots organisaties en activisten ....................................................................... 46
7.10. Conclusie ..................................................................................................................... 46
H4: GEOPOLITICS, EUROPEANESS EN HET GLOBALE OOSTEN ............................................................ 46
1. Geografie en representatie – ruimte ........................................................................................ 46
1.1. Theorie Henri Lefebre .................................................................................................... 47
1.2. Theorie Edward Saïd...................................................................................................... 47
1.3. Theorie Walter Mignolo.................................................................................................. 47
1.4. Geografie – geopolitiek .................................................................................................. 48
2. Globale oosten en de uitvinding van Oost-Europa ................................................................... 48
2.1. Globale Noorden, Zuiden en Oosten .............................................................................. 48
2.2. Grazina bielousova: de creatie van ‘oost europa’ ............................................................ 49
2.3. oost-Europa en decoloniality: uitdaging.......................................................................... 50
3. Geopolitiek en sociale interventies ......................................................................................... 50
3.1. Geopolitiek en sociaal werk ........................................................................................... 50
4. Müller in search of global east thinking between north and south ............................................. 51
4.1. Inleiding ....................................................................................................................... 51
4.2. The predicament of Eastness: not-quite-North, not-quite-South ...................................... 51
4.3. Outside the western knowledge architecture .................................................................. 52
4.4. Towards a strategic essentialism of the East ................................................................... 52
4.5. A global East: following the bevelled drinking glass ......................................................... 53
4.6. Conclusion: theorising with the global east..................................................................... 54
5. Tekst Dzenovska school of Europeanness introduction ........................................................... 54
5.1. Tolerantie & andere lessen in politiek liberalisme in Letland ............................................ 54
5.2. Inleiding: paradox van het Europees-zijn; noodzaak om uitsluiten & deugd van inclusie .... 55
3
, 5.3. Lessen in (neo)liberalisme ............................................................................................. 56
5.4. Een kaart van ontmoetingen .......................................................................................... 57
5.5. Europeesheid en de logica van verschil .......................................................................... 57
5.6. Over Oost-Europa en grenzen van kritisch discours......................................................... 58
H5: INCLUSIVE CITIES, INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT AND SW IN THE PHILIPPINES .................................. 60
1. Indigenous peoples (IP’s) of the Philippines ............................................................................ 60
1.1. IP’s over de wereld ........................................................................................................ 60
1.2. De Filipijnen.................................................................................................................. 60
2. Internal displacement overview.............................................................................................. 62
2.1. Definitie........................................................................................................................ 62
2.2. Wat gebeurd er?............................................................................................................ 62
2.3. Een blik op IDP’s ........................................................................................................... 62
2.4. Internal displacement in the PH ..................................................................................... 63
2.5. Problemen en uitdagingen ............................................................................................. 63
2.6. Wat is nodig? ................................................................................................................ 63
3. SOcial Work, National Actors and IDIP’s ................................................................................. 64
3.1. Algemeen, IDIP’s........................................................................................................... 64
3.2. Overheid strategieën ..................................................................................................... 64
3.3. Social Welfare/ sociaal welzijn....................................................................................... 65
4. Current state of IDIP’s: Case of Davao City ............................................................................. 65
4.1. Betsaand onderzoek ..................................................................................................... 65
4.2. Wat met de wet? ........................................................................................................... 66
4.3. Nood aan beleid............................................................................................................ 66
4.4. Hun ‘movement’ ........................................................................................................... 67
4.5. Inzichten in interviews ................................................................................................... 67
5. Tekst ‘The role of social work in Philippine poverty-reduction programs: ideology, policy and the
profession’..................................................................................................................................... 68
5.1. Introductie.................................................................................................................... 68
5.2. Critical social work........................................................................................................ 68
5.3. Poverty in the Philippines............................................................................................... 69
5.4. Philippine social policy .................................................................................................. 69
5.5. Poverty reduction work in government and non-government organizations ....................... 70
5.6. The roles of social work in poverty-reduction initiatives ................................................... 72
5.7. Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 73
6. Tekst ‘Indigenous in the city’ .................................................................................................. 74
6.1. Introductie.................................................................................................................... 74
6.2. Colonial discourse of difference and their contenmporary implication ............................. 74
4
, 6.3. Alternative views of contemporary indigneous cultures ................................................... 75
6.4. Continuing challenges in defining urban indigenous identities ......................................... 75
6.5. Scope of this volume ..................................................................................................... 76
6.6. Conclusie ..................................................................................................................... 76
H6: GEOPOLITICS, SOCIAL REPRODUCTION AND WELFARE OF WOMEN IN GEORGIA .......................... 76
1. geopolitics OF cARE .............................................................................................................. 76
1.1. Wat is geopolitics of care............................................................................................... 76
1.2. Waarom geopolitics of care? ......................................................................................... 77
1.3. Zorg als een multi-schaalpraktijk/ multi-scalar practice .................................................. 77
2. Sociale reproductie ............................................................................................................... 77
2.1. Wat is het?.................................................................................................................... 77
2.2. Sociale reproductie voorbij het kapitalisme .................................................................... 77
2.3. Socialistische vs capitalistische sociale reproductie ....................................................... 77
2.4. Keuken-debat (1959) ..................................................................................................... 78
3. Locatie van de case: Georgië.................................................................................................. 78
3.1. De socialistische context: sovjet Georgië ....................................................................... 79
3.2. Gender en de sovjet paradox.......................................................................................... 79
3.3. Shiften van geopolitieke verbeeldingen........................................................................... 79
3.4. De val van de Sovjet ...................................................................................................... 79
3.5. Erfenis van de Rozenrevolutie: Geopolitieke verschuiving ................................................ 80
3.6. Vandaag: tussen het Westen en Rusland ........................................................................ 80
3.7. Conclusie ..................................................................................................................... 80
4. Tekst ‘Gender in Georgia’ ....................................................................................................... 80
4.1. Illuminations ................................................................................................................ 80
4.2. Contextualizing Gender in Georgia ................................................................................. 81
4.3. Feminist Perspectives on Culture, Nation, and History in the South Caucasus ................. 81
5. Tekst ‘Social reproduction and capitalist production: a genealogy of dominant imaginaries’....... 85
5.1. Kernidee ....................................................................................................................... 85
5.2. Doel ............................................................................................................................. 85
5.3. Belangrijke begrippen.................................................................................................... 85
5.4. Extra notities................................................................................................................. 85
5.5. Vier dominante imagniaries ........................................................................................... 85
5.6. Conclusie ..................................................................................................................... 88
6. Tekst: How Free-Market Ideologues Dismantled Health Care in Post-Soviet Georgia “ ............... 89
6.1. Eind 1922: ontstaan Sovjet staat – ......................................................................................... 89
6.2. Semashko-model.......................................................................................................... 89
6.1. The neoliberals in power................................................................................................ 90
5
, 6.2. Disintegrated health care .............................................................................................. 91
6.3. Waiting for the lights to come back on ............................................................................ 91
H7: SOCIAL WORK AND SOCIAL PROTECTION IN ETHIOPIA ................................................................. 92
1. Sociaal werk in Ethiopië ......................................................................................................... 92
1.1. sociaal werk ................................................................................................................. 92
1.2. Indigenous Social Support Systems (ISSSs) .................................................................... 92
1.3. Formeel sociaal werk .................................................................................................... 93
2. De instorting van het sociaal werk in Ethiopië .......................................................................... 93
2.1. Sociaal werk met kwetsbare doelgroepen....................................................................... 93
2.2. Functies ....................................................................................................................... 95
2.3. Uitdagingen sociaal werk in Ethiopië .............................................................................. 95
2.4. Conclusie ..................................................................................................................... 95
2.5. Complicaties voor de opleiding ...................................................................................... 95
3. Tekst ‘Social work practice in Ethiopian civil society organisations for people living with HIV and
AIDS’ 96
3.1. Sociaaleconomische & politieke context ........................................................................ 96
3.2. impact van HIV & AIDS................................................................................................... 96
3.3. Rol van de overheid ....................................................................................................... 97
3.4. Rol van internationale organisaties ................................................................................ 97
3.5. Rol van maatschappelijk middenveld/ civil society .......................................................... 98
3.6. Rol van traditionele ondersteuningssystemen................................................................. 99
3.7. Maatschappelijk werk in Ethiopië ................................................................................... 99
3.8. Conclusie ................................................................................................................... 100
4. Tekst “Social networks among poor women in Ethiopia” ”...................................................... 100
4.1. Inleiding ..................................................................................................................... 100
4.2. Social network analysis (theorie).................................................................................. 101
H8: POSTCOLONIAL STATE-CIVIL SOCIETY RELATIONSHIPS IN AFRICA: HOW TO POSITION SOCIAL
WORK?............................................................................................................................................ 102
1. Postkoloniale staat – relaties met het maatschappelijk middenveld in Afrika .......................... 102
1.1. Het “Civic Public” ....................................................................................................... 103
1.2. Het “Primordial Public” ............................................................................................... 103
2. Maatschappelijk middenveld en NGO’s in Mozambique ........................................................ 103
2.1. vormen van maatschappelijke ruimtes en organisatorische structuren binnen het
maatschappelijk middenveld:.................................................................................................... 103
2.2. Strategieën om aan de macht te blijven ........................................................................ 103
3. Maatschappelijk middenveld in Mozambique: postkoloniaal perspectief ................................ 104
3.1. Verschillen in burgerschap .......................................................................................... 105
6
, 3.2. Inclusie en exclusie van actoren: Perspectief van een oppositionele vrouwengroep ........ 105
3.3. Inclusie en exclusie van actoren: NGO perspectief........................................................ 105
3.4. Recht in eigen handen nemen ...................................................................................... 105
3.5. Islamitische opstand/ rebellie + geweld na de verkiezingen ........................................... 105
3.6. Aanbevelingen voor internationale sociaal werkers ....................................................... 106
4. Tekst “Colonialism and the two publics in Africa: A Theoretical Statement.............................. 106
4.1. Privé-sfeer, publieke sfeer en maatschappelijke moraliteit ............................................ 106
4.2. Kolonialisme en twee publieken in Afrika ...................................................................... 108
4.3. Ideologieën van legitimatie en the opkomst van de twee publieken ................................ 108
4.4. Koloniale ideologieën van legitimatie ........................................................................... 109
4.5. Afrikaanse bourgeoisie-ideologieën van legitimatie ....................................................... 111
5. Tekst “Civil society in Mozambique: NGO’s, religion, politics and witchcraft” ......................... 112
5.1. Civiele samenleving .................................................................................................... 112
5.2. Gramsci ..................................................................................................................... 113
5.3. Het maatschappelijk middenveld in Mozambique ......................................................... 114
5.4. De politiek van hekserij................................................................................................ 115
5.5. De politiek van het maatschappelijk middenveld .......................................................... 116
5.6. De weg vooruit ............................................................................................................ 116
H9: DE ROL EN POSITIE VAN INTERNATIONALE NGO’S ...................................................................... 117
1. Voorstelling Caritas International : De Werking van een NGO in deze woelige tijden ................ 117
1.1. Caritas international ................................................................................................... 117
1.2. Missie caritas international.......................................................................................... 117
1.3. Waarden van Caritas ................................................................................................... 118
1.4. Strategie 2025 – 2035: Wat, hoe en wanneer? ............................................................... 118
1.5. Binnen opvang altijd aandacht voor specifieke profielen: niet-begeleide minderjarigen &
zieke personen ......................................................................................................................... 119
1.6. Eerstelijns dienst met aandacht voor het socio-juridische (back office 4 juristen) ........... 120
1.7. Begeleiding van vluchtelingen bij hun integratietrajact .................................................. 120
2. Nood aan herpositionering ................................................................................................... 120
2.1. Veranderen, zonder te verloochenen ............................................................................ 120
2.2. Een organisatie in beweging......................................................................................... 121
2.3. Manifest ..................................................................................................................... 121
3. Tekst: “Building Bridges social movement” ........................................................................... 121
3.1. Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 121
3.2. Social Movements and civil society: an introduction ..................................................... 121
3.3. Conceptualizing social movements and civil society ..................................................... 122
3.4. Hybridization of (social movement) activism and (civil society) voluntarism.................... 123
7
, 3.5. Where to go: taking stock and moving forward .............................................................. 124
4. Tekst: “Legitimacy and accountability of NGO’s .................................................................... 126
4.1. Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 126
4.2. Inleiding ..................................................................................................................... 126
4.3. NGO’s Policy in research studies ................................................................................. 127
4.4. Theoretical context: policy advocacy, legitimacy and accountability .............................. 127
4.5. Czech context ............................................................................................................. 128
4.6. Four stages of multi-method research .......................................................................... 129
4.7. Understanding of own legitimacy ................................................................................. 130
4.8. Understanding of accountability .................................................................................. 130
4.9. How the hostile environment shapes NGO advocacy .................................................... 130
4.10. Discussion ................................................................................................................. 131
4.11. Conclusie ................................................................................................................... 131
H10: GENDER, CAST AND VULNERABILITIES IN INDIA........................................................................ 132
1. Gender, cast and labour ...................................................................................................... 132
1.1. Introductie.................................................................................................................. 132
1.2. Feministische sociale reproductie ............................................................................... 132
1.3. Belangrijk om te benoemen: de relaties tussen ............................................................. 133
1.4. De vraag is .................................................................................................................. 133
1.5. arbeid en kaste ........................................................................................................... 134
1.6. Het argument.............................................................................................................. 134
1.7. Kernargumenten ......................................................................................................... 135
1.8. Richting conclusie....................................................................................................... 135
1.9. Extra notities uit de les ................................................................................................ 136
2. Doing feminism ................................................................................................................... 136
3. Tekst ‘Ruptures and reproduction in caste/gender/labour ‘ .................................................... 137
3.1. Voorbij gesegmenteerd werk........................................................................................ 137
3.2. De verdachtelijkhied van huishoudelijk en ander gesegmenteerd werk ........................... 137
3.3. Verschillende vormen van controle .............................................................................. 138
3.4. Op kaste gebaseerde arbeid binnen de informele arbeidsmarkt ..................................... 139
3.5. Kastarbeiders en stigma .............................................................................................. 140
3.6. De zoektocht naar autonomie ...................................................................................... 142
4. Tekst ‘(un)doing feminism .................................................................................................... 142
4.1. Men doing feminism (in india) ...................................................................................... 142
4.2. Jurisdictie ................................................................................................................... 143
4.3. Queer theory............................................................................................................... 144
4.4. Undoing feminism ....................................................................................................... 144
8
, H11: SOLIDARITEIT, VERZET EN POSITIONALITEIT.............................................................................. 145
1. Lecture Gani “Towards a praxis of justice and community: solidarity and resistance in the
university” ................................................................................................................................... 145
1.1. Hoop als Methodologie van Rechtvaardigheid............................................................... 145
1.2. Drie Methodologieën van Repressie en Onrecht ................................................................... 145
1.3. Drie Strategieën voor Rechtvaardigheid en Solidariteit .......................................................... 146
2. Tekst "Positionality Statements as a Function of Coloniality: Interrogating Reflexive
Methodologies”............................................................................................................................ 147
2.1. Inleiding ..................................................................................................................... 147
2.2. Een literatuuronderzoek; reflexiviteit als geprezen oefening ........................................... 148
2.3. Bestaande kritiek op reflexieve positionering ................................................................ 149
2.4. Koloniaalheid van reflexiviteit: conceptie VS concept .................................................... 150
2.5. Narcisme en prestatie in positionaliteit: centreren witheid door legitimiteit .................... 151
2.6. Rassenverlossing als functie van positionaliteit ............................................................ 153
2.7. Instrumentalisering van positionaliteit: verborgen kracht beweging ................................ 153
2.8. Conclusie ................................................................................................................... 154
9
Universiteit Gent
2025 - 2026
Lies Poppe
,INHOUD
H1: THEORIELES 1 ............................................................................................................................. 10
1. Internationaal sociaal werk .................................................................................................... 10
1.1. Sociaal werk praktijken in een ander land dan het thuisland van de sociaal werker ( =
internationale zit in de locatie ) .................................................................................................... 10
1.2. SOciaal werk binnen internationale organisaties ............................................................. 10
1.3. Werken met doelgroepen/problemen die hun oorsprong hebben in andere landen/over
grenzen heen ( = doelgroep/problematiek).................................................................................... 10
1.4. Het streven naar SW als “global profession” ................................................................... 10
1.5. 3 grote internationale organisaties ................................................................................. 11
1.6. Internationale discipline en gedeelde agenda ................................................................. 11
2. Kritiek op Internationaal sociaal werk – focus van de cursus .................................................... 11
2.1. Kritiek 1: gebrek aan definitie niet problematisch – maar gebrek aan aandacht voor/analyse
van macht (historisch en nu)........................................................................................................ 11
2.2. Kritiek 2: te grote focus op inter-nationaal (natiestaten als natuurlijk gegeven) – kritiek van
‘methodologisch nationalisme’.................................................................................................... 11
3. Transnationalisme................................................................................................................. 12
3.1. Transnational social work .............................................................................................. 12
4. Deze cursus: sociaal werk in globaal – lokaal perspectief ........................................................ 12
4.1. Overzicht ...................................................................................................................... 12
5. Globalisering......................................................................................................................... 13
5.1. Inleiding globalisering.................................................................................................... 13
6. Ongelijkheid .......................................................................................................................... 13
6.1. Mondiale ongelijkheid ................................................................................................... 13
7. Kapitalisme via imperialisme ................................................................................................. 16
7.1. Imperialisme ................................................................................................................ 16
8. Kolonisatie............................................................................................................................ 18
8.1. Afrika............................................................................................................................ 18
9. Post-koloniale periode en neo-kolonialisme ........................................................................... 18
9.1. Post-koloniale periode .................................................................................................. 18
9.2. Neo-kolonialisme.......................................................................................................... 19
10. Andere kijk op geschiedenis ................................................................................................... 22
H2: THEORIELES 2 ............................................................................................................................. 22
1. Inhoud van de les .................................................................................................................. 22
2. Social Work’s History of complicity with Colonialsim............................................................... 22
2.1. Geschiedenis ontwikkelingssamenwerking ............................................................................ 23
3. Internationale discussies ....................................................................................................... 24
1
, 4. Sustainable develoment goals ............................................................................................... 25
5. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking ................................................................................................. 26
5.1. Blijvende uitdagingen............................................................................................................ 26
6. Sociaal werk ......................................................................................................................... 27
6.1. Blijvende uitdagingen............................................................................................................ 27
7. Humanitaire hulp en ontwikkelingssamenwerking ................................................................... 28
7.1. Noodhulp = humanitaire hulp ........................................................................................ 28
8. Internationale samenwerking ................................................................................................. 29
8.1. Internationale (onwtikkelings)samenwerking .................................................................. 29
8.2. Gouvermenteel – bilateraal............................................................................................ 29
8.3. Intergouvermenteel – multi-lateraal ............................................................................... 29
9. Non-gouvermentele organisaties (NGO’s) ............................................................................... 33
9.1. Non-gouvermenteel ...................................................................................................... 33
H3: EXTERNALISATIE & MOBILITEIT EN RECHTVAARDIGHEID ............................................................... 35
1. Grenzen, natie-staten en sovereiniteit .................................................................................... 35
1.1. Natie-staten en soevereiniteit ........................................................................................ 35
2. Migratiebeheer via migratie managment ................................................................................. 36
2.1. Migratiebeheer.............................................................................................................. 36
2.2. Filosofieën van migratiebeheer ...................................................................................... 36
2.3. Migratiemanagment ...................................................................................................... 36
2.4. International organization for migration .......................................................................... 37
3. Externalisering van de EU grenzen .......................................................................................... 37
3.1. Externalisering .............................................................................................................. 37
3.2. Wat toont dit aan? ......................................................................................................... 37
3.3. VISA beleid ................................................................................................................... 38
4. Humanitair grenswerk ........................................................................................................... 39
5. Sensibiliseringscampagnes: migrants as messengers ............................................................. 40
5.1. Sensibiliseringscampagnes ........................................................................................... 40
5.2. Migrant as messenger ................................................................................................... 40
6. Mobility Justice – podcast spijkerboer – Migratie, kolonialisme en ras ....................................... 41
6.1. Wat is migratierecht? .................................................................................................... 41
6.2. Koloniale oorsprong van migratierecht ........................................................................... 41
6.3. Vitoria en het recht om te migreren (1539) ...................................................................... 41
6.4. Hugo de Groot en de vrije zee......................................................................................... 41
6.5. Vattel en staatssoevereiniteit (18e eeuw) ....................................................................... 42
6.6. De omkering in de 19e eeuw: ras en uitsluiting ................................................................ 42
6.7. Europa, dekolonisatie en visumplicht ............................................................................. 42
2
, 6.8. Volledige juridische omkering (1959–1985) ..................................................................... 42
6.9. Ongelijke mondiale mobiliteit ........................................................................................ 42
6.10. Grensdoden en Europees beleid .................................................................................... 42
6.11. Kennis, macht en onderzoek .......................................................................................... 43
7. Tekst Epistemic Borderwork Violent Pushbacks at the EU Border ............................................. 43
7.1. grenzen als epistemisch geweld..................................................................................... 43
7.2. Wat zijn pushbacks? ..................................................................................................... 43
7.3. Epistemische onrechtvaardigheid en testimonial injustice .............................................. 43
7.4. Epistemic borderwork ................................................................................................... 44
7.5. Circulaire logica van illegalisering .................................................................................. 44
7.6. Epistemische wrijving (Epistemic friction) ....................................................................... 45
7.7. Archieven en zones of refusal ........................................................................................ 45
7.8. Maps of refusal & counter-cartography........................................................................... 45
7.9. Rol grasseoots organisaties en activisten ....................................................................... 46
7.10. Conclusie ..................................................................................................................... 46
H4: GEOPOLITICS, EUROPEANESS EN HET GLOBALE OOSTEN ............................................................ 46
1. Geografie en representatie – ruimte ........................................................................................ 46
1.1. Theorie Henri Lefebre .................................................................................................... 47
1.2. Theorie Edward Saïd...................................................................................................... 47
1.3. Theorie Walter Mignolo.................................................................................................. 47
1.4. Geografie – geopolitiek .................................................................................................. 48
2. Globale oosten en de uitvinding van Oost-Europa ................................................................... 48
2.1. Globale Noorden, Zuiden en Oosten .............................................................................. 48
2.2. Grazina bielousova: de creatie van ‘oost europa’ ............................................................ 49
2.3. oost-Europa en decoloniality: uitdaging.......................................................................... 50
3. Geopolitiek en sociale interventies ......................................................................................... 50
3.1. Geopolitiek en sociaal werk ........................................................................................... 50
4. Müller in search of global east thinking between north and south ............................................. 51
4.1. Inleiding ....................................................................................................................... 51
4.2. The predicament of Eastness: not-quite-North, not-quite-South ...................................... 51
4.3. Outside the western knowledge architecture .................................................................. 52
4.4. Towards a strategic essentialism of the East ................................................................... 52
4.5. A global East: following the bevelled drinking glass ......................................................... 53
4.6. Conclusion: theorising with the global east..................................................................... 54
5. Tekst Dzenovska school of Europeanness introduction ........................................................... 54
5.1. Tolerantie & andere lessen in politiek liberalisme in Letland ............................................ 54
5.2. Inleiding: paradox van het Europees-zijn; noodzaak om uitsluiten & deugd van inclusie .... 55
3
, 5.3. Lessen in (neo)liberalisme ............................................................................................. 56
5.4. Een kaart van ontmoetingen .......................................................................................... 57
5.5. Europeesheid en de logica van verschil .......................................................................... 57
5.6. Over Oost-Europa en grenzen van kritisch discours......................................................... 58
H5: INCLUSIVE CITIES, INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT AND SW IN THE PHILIPPINES .................................. 60
1. Indigenous peoples (IP’s) of the Philippines ............................................................................ 60
1.1. IP’s over de wereld ........................................................................................................ 60
1.2. De Filipijnen.................................................................................................................. 60
2. Internal displacement overview.............................................................................................. 62
2.1. Definitie........................................................................................................................ 62
2.2. Wat gebeurd er?............................................................................................................ 62
2.3. Een blik op IDP’s ........................................................................................................... 62
2.4. Internal displacement in the PH ..................................................................................... 63
2.5. Problemen en uitdagingen ............................................................................................. 63
2.6. Wat is nodig? ................................................................................................................ 63
3. SOcial Work, National Actors and IDIP’s ................................................................................. 64
3.1. Algemeen, IDIP’s........................................................................................................... 64
3.2. Overheid strategieën ..................................................................................................... 64
3.3. Social Welfare/ sociaal welzijn....................................................................................... 65
4. Current state of IDIP’s: Case of Davao City ............................................................................. 65
4.1. Betsaand onderzoek ..................................................................................................... 65
4.2. Wat met de wet? ........................................................................................................... 66
4.3. Nood aan beleid............................................................................................................ 66
4.4. Hun ‘movement’ ........................................................................................................... 67
4.5. Inzichten in interviews ................................................................................................... 67
5. Tekst ‘The role of social work in Philippine poverty-reduction programs: ideology, policy and the
profession’..................................................................................................................................... 68
5.1. Introductie.................................................................................................................... 68
5.2. Critical social work........................................................................................................ 68
5.3. Poverty in the Philippines............................................................................................... 69
5.4. Philippine social policy .................................................................................................. 69
5.5. Poverty reduction work in government and non-government organizations ....................... 70
5.6. The roles of social work in poverty-reduction initiatives ................................................... 72
5.7. Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 73
6. Tekst ‘Indigenous in the city’ .................................................................................................. 74
6.1. Introductie.................................................................................................................... 74
6.2. Colonial discourse of difference and their contenmporary implication ............................. 74
4
, 6.3. Alternative views of contemporary indigneous cultures ................................................... 75
6.4. Continuing challenges in defining urban indigenous identities ......................................... 75
6.5. Scope of this volume ..................................................................................................... 76
6.6. Conclusie ..................................................................................................................... 76
H6: GEOPOLITICS, SOCIAL REPRODUCTION AND WELFARE OF WOMEN IN GEORGIA .......................... 76
1. geopolitics OF cARE .............................................................................................................. 76
1.1. Wat is geopolitics of care............................................................................................... 76
1.2. Waarom geopolitics of care? ......................................................................................... 77
1.3. Zorg als een multi-schaalpraktijk/ multi-scalar practice .................................................. 77
2. Sociale reproductie ............................................................................................................... 77
2.1. Wat is het?.................................................................................................................... 77
2.2. Sociale reproductie voorbij het kapitalisme .................................................................... 77
2.3. Socialistische vs capitalistische sociale reproductie ....................................................... 77
2.4. Keuken-debat (1959) ..................................................................................................... 78
3. Locatie van de case: Georgië.................................................................................................. 78
3.1. De socialistische context: sovjet Georgië ....................................................................... 79
3.2. Gender en de sovjet paradox.......................................................................................... 79
3.3. Shiften van geopolitieke verbeeldingen........................................................................... 79
3.4. De val van de Sovjet ...................................................................................................... 79
3.5. Erfenis van de Rozenrevolutie: Geopolitieke verschuiving ................................................ 80
3.6. Vandaag: tussen het Westen en Rusland ........................................................................ 80
3.7. Conclusie ..................................................................................................................... 80
4. Tekst ‘Gender in Georgia’ ....................................................................................................... 80
4.1. Illuminations ................................................................................................................ 80
4.2. Contextualizing Gender in Georgia ................................................................................. 81
4.3. Feminist Perspectives on Culture, Nation, and History in the South Caucasus ................. 81
5. Tekst ‘Social reproduction and capitalist production: a genealogy of dominant imaginaries’....... 85
5.1. Kernidee ....................................................................................................................... 85
5.2. Doel ............................................................................................................................. 85
5.3. Belangrijke begrippen.................................................................................................... 85
5.4. Extra notities................................................................................................................. 85
5.5. Vier dominante imagniaries ........................................................................................... 85
5.6. Conclusie ..................................................................................................................... 88
6. Tekst: How Free-Market Ideologues Dismantled Health Care in Post-Soviet Georgia “ ............... 89
6.1. Eind 1922: ontstaan Sovjet staat – ......................................................................................... 89
6.2. Semashko-model.......................................................................................................... 89
6.1. The neoliberals in power................................................................................................ 90
5
, 6.2. Disintegrated health care .............................................................................................. 91
6.3. Waiting for the lights to come back on ............................................................................ 91
H7: SOCIAL WORK AND SOCIAL PROTECTION IN ETHIOPIA ................................................................. 92
1. Sociaal werk in Ethiopië ......................................................................................................... 92
1.1. sociaal werk ................................................................................................................. 92
1.2. Indigenous Social Support Systems (ISSSs) .................................................................... 92
1.3. Formeel sociaal werk .................................................................................................... 93
2. De instorting van het sociaal werk in Ethiopië .......................................................................... 93
2.1. Sociaal werk met kwetsbare doelgroepen....................................................................... 93
2.2. Functies ....................................................................................................................... 95
2.3. Uitdagingen sociaal werk in Ethiopië .............................................................................. 95
2.4. Conclusie ..................................................................................................................... 95
2.5. Complicaties voor de opleiding ...................................................................................... 95
3. Tekst ‘Social work practice in Ethiopian civil society organisations for people living with HIV and
AIDS’ 96
3.1. Sociaaleconomische & politieke context ........................................................................ 96
3.2. impact van HIV & AIDS................................................................................................... 96
3.3. Rol van de overheid ....................................................................................................... 97
3.4. Rol van internationale organisaties ................................................................................ 97
3.5. Rol van maatschappelijk middenveld/ civil society .......................................................... 98
3.6. Rol van traditionele ondersteuningssystemen................................................................. 99
3.7. Maatschappelijk werk in Ethiopië ................................................................................... 99
3.8. Conclusie ................................................................................................................... 100
4. Tekst “Social networks among poor women in Ethiopia” ”...................................................... 100
4.1. Inleiding ..................................................................................................................... 100
4.2. Social network analysis (theorie).................................................................................. 101
H8: POSTCOLONIAL STATE-CIVIL SOCIETY RELATIONSHIPS IN AFRICA: HOW TO POSITION SOCIAL
WORK?............................................................................................................................................ 102
1. Postkoloniale staat – relaties met het maatschappelijk middenveld in Afrika .......................... 102
1.1. Het “Civic Public” ....................................................................................................... 103
1.2. Het “Primordial Public” ............................................................................................... 103
2. Maatschappelijk middenveld en NGO’s in Mozambique ........................................................ 103
2.1. vormen van maatschappelijke ruimtes en organisatorische structuren binnen het
maatschappelijk middenveld:.................................................................................................... 103
2.2. Strategieën om aan de macht te blijven ........................................................................ 103
3. Maatschappelijk middenveld in Mozambique: postkoloniaal perspectief ................................ 104
3.1. Verschillen in burgerschap .......................................................................................... 105
6
, 3.2. Inclusie en exclusie van actoren: Perspectief van een oppositionele vrouwengroep ........ 105
3.3. Inclusie en exclusie van actoren: NGO perspectief........................................................ 105
3.4. Recht in eigen handen nemen ...................................................................................... 105
3.5. Islamitische opstand/ rebellie + geweld na de verkiezingen ........................................... 105
3.6. Aanbevelingen voor internationale sociaal werkers ....................................................... 106
4. Tekst “Colonialism and the two publics in Africa: A Theoretical Statement.............................. 106
4.1. Privé-sfeer, publieke sfeer en maatschappelijke moraliteit ............................................ 106
4.2. Kolonialisme en twee publieken in Afrika ...................................................................... 108
4.3. Ideologieën van legitimatie en the opkomst van de twee publieken ................................ 108
4.4. Koloniale ideologieën van legitimatie ........................................................................... 109
4.5. Afrikaanse bourgeoisie-ideologieën van legitimatie ....................................................... 111
5. Tekst “Civil society in Mozambique: NGO’s, religion, politics and witchcraft” ......................... 112
5.1. Civiele samenleving .................................................................................................... 112
5.2. Gramsci ..................................................................................................................... 113
5.3. Het maatschappelijk middenveld in Mozambique ......................................................... 114
5.4. De politiek van hekserij................................................................................................ 115
5.5. De politiek van het maatschappelijk middenveld .......................................................... 116
5.6. De weg vooruit ............................................................................................................ 116
H9: DE ROL EN POSITIE VAN INTERNATIONALE NGO’S ...................................................................... 117
1. Voorstelling Caritas International : De Werking van een NGO in deze woelige tijden ................ 117
1.1. Caritas international ................................................................................................... 117
1.2. Missie caritas international.......................................................................................... 117
1.3. Waarden van Caritas ................................................................................................... 118
1.4. Strategie 2025 – 2035: Wat, hoe en wanneer? ............................................................... 118
1.5. Binnen opvang altijd aandacht voor specifieke profielen: niet-begeleide minderjarigen &
zieke personen ......................................................................................................................... 119
1.6. Eerstelijns dienst met aandacht voor het socio-juridische (back office 4 juristen) ........... 120
1.7. Begeleiding van vluchtelingen bij hun integratietrajact .................................................. 120
2. Nood aan herpositionering ................................................................................................... 120
2.1. Veranderen, zonder te verloochenen ............................................................................ 120
2.2. Een organisatie in beweging......................................................................................... 121
2.3. Manifest ..................................................................................................................... 121
3. Tekst: “Building Bridges social movement” ........................................................................... 121
3.1. Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 121
3.2. Social Movements and civil society: an introduction ..................................................... 121
3.3. Conceptualizing social movements and civil society ..................................................... 122
3.4. Hybridization of (social movement) activism and (civil society) voluntarism.................... 123
7
, 3.5. Where to go: taking stock and moving forward .............................................................. 124
4. Tekst: “Legitimacy and accountability of NGO’s .................................................................... 126
4.1. Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 126
4.2. Inleiding ..................................................................................................................... 126
4.3. NGO’s Policy in research studies ................................................................................. 127
4.4. Theoretical context: policy advocacy, legitimacy and accountability .............................. 127
4.5. Czech context ............................................................................................................. 128
4.6. Four stages of multi-method research .......................................................................... 129
4.7. Understanding of own legitimacy ................................................................................. 130
4.8. Understanding of accountability .................................................................................. 130
4.9. How the hostile environment shapes NGO advocacy .................................................... 130
4.10. Discussion ................................................................................................................. 131
4.11. Conclusie ................................................................................................................... 131
H10: GENDER, CAST AND VULNERABILITIES IN INDIA........................................................................ 132
1. Gender, cast and labour ...................................................................................................... 132
1.1. Introductie.................................................................................................................. 132
1.2. Feministische sociale reproductie ............................................................................... 132
1.3. Belangrijk om te benoemen: de relaties tussen ............................................................. 133
1.4. De vraag is .................................................................................................................. 133
1.5. arbeid en kaste ........................................................................................................... 134
1.6. Het argument.............................................................................................................. 134
1.7. Kernargumenten ......................................................................................................... 135
1.8. Richting conclusie....................................................................................................... 135
1.9. Extra notities uit de les ................................................................................................ 136
2. Doing feminism ................................................................................................................... 136
3. Tekst ‘Ruptures and reproduction in caste/gender/labour ‘ .................................................... 137
3.1. Voorbij gesegmenteerd werk........................................................................................ 137
3.2. De verdachtelijkhied van huishoudelijk en ander gesegmenteerd werk ........................... 137
3.3. Verschillende vormen van controle .............................................................................. 138
3.4. Op kaste gebaseerde arbeid binnen de informele arbeidsmarkt ..................................... 139
3.5. Kastarbeiders en stigma .............................................................................................. 140
3.6. De zoektocht naar autonomie ...................................................................................... 142
4. Tekst ‘(un)doing feminism .................................................................................................... 142
4.1. Men doing feminism (in india) ...................................................................................... 142
4.2. Jurisdictie ................................................................................................................... 143
4.3. Queer theory............................................................................................................... 144
4.4. Undoing feminism ....................................................................................................... 144
8
, H11: SOLIDARITEIT, VERZET EN POSITIONALITEIT.............................................................................. 145
1. Lecture Gani “Towards a praxis of justice and community: solidarity and resistance in the
university” ................................................................................................................................... 145
1.1. Hoop als Methodologie van Rechtvaardigheid............................................................... 145
1.2. Drie Methodologieën van Repressie en Onrecht ................................................................... 145
1.3. Drie Strategieën voor Rechtvaardigheid en Solidariteit .......................................................... 146
2. Tekst "Positionality Statements as a Function of Coloniality: Interrogating Reflexive
Methodologies”............................................................................................................................ 147
2.1. Inleiding ..................................................................................................................... 147
2.2. Een literatuuronderzoek; reflexiviteit als geprezen oefening ........................................... 148
2.3. Bestaande kritiek op reflexieve positionering ................................................................ 149
2.4. Koloniaalheid van reflexiviteit: conceptie VS concept .................................................... 150
2.5. Narcisme en prestatie in positionaliteit: centreren witheid door legitimiteit .................... 151
2.6. Rassenverlossing als functie van positionaliteit ............................................................ 153
2.7. Instrumentalisering van positionaliteit: verborgen kracht beweging ................................ 153
2.8. Conclusie ................................................................................................................... 154
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