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NSG 5140 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2026/2027 Questions with Verified Answers & Detailed Rationales | South College PDF Study Guide

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NSG 5140 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2026/2027 Questions with Verified Answers & Detailed Rationales | South College PDF Study Guide

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NSG 5140 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2026/2027 –
Questions with Verified Answers & Detailed Rationales |
South College PDF Study Guide


Q1: A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and spoon-shaped nails. Lab shows microcytic
hypochromic RBCs. The most likely diagnosis is:
A) Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
B) Iron deficiency anemia ✅
C) Folate deficiency anemia
D) Hemolytic anemia

Explanation: Iron is essential for hemoglobin synthesis. Iron deficiency produces small,
pale RBCs and systemic symptoms such as fatigue and pallor.



Q2: A patient with diabetes presents with fruity breath, hyperglycemia, and rapid, deep
breathing. The most likely condition is:
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
C) Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) ✅
D) Lactic acidosis

Explanation: Insulin deficiency leads to fat breakdown, ketone formation, and metabolic
acidosis with compensatory Kussmaul respirations.



Q3: Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with chronic kidney disease?
A) Hypokalemia
B) Hyperkalemia ✅
C) Hypocalcemia
D) Hypercalcemia

Explanation: Impaired renal potassium excretion causes hyperkalemia, increasing risk for
cardiac arrhythmias.

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