NSG 3850 Exam 3 Latest 2025/2026 Practice
Test |Real Exam Questions & Verified
Answers
Intracellular Compartment
Rich in potassium, magnesium, and organic/inorganic phosphates
Low in sodium and chloride
Extracellular Compartment
Vascular (rich in protein)
Interstitial (protein deficient)
Transcellular (rich in sodium, chloride, and bicarb) (Low in potassium, magnesium, phosphate)
transcellular fluid
The fluid that is contained within specialized body compartments such as cerebrospinal, pleural,
and synovial cavities
Secreted by epithelial cells
thirst mechanism
Increased osmolarity or extracellular fluid
Decreased in older adults
Decreased circulating blood volume (blood loss)
Dryness of mucous membranes in mouth (elderly)
What organ systems must be healthy to absorb fluids and electrolytes?
Kidneys
Osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
oncotic pressure
Cirrhosis patients
low albumin
,The increase in urine output caused by the excretion of substances, such as glucose, mannitol,
or contrast agents in the urine.
Osmotic diuresis
outward push of vascular fluid against capillary walls
Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Inward pulling force of particles (proteins) in the interstitial fluid
Intersitial fluid colloid/oncotic osmotic pressure
Diffusion is
higher to lower
Osmosis is
lower to higher
Only ______ moves freely, not electrolytes
water
Normal ways of loosing fluid
Sweating
urinating
Bowel movements
breathing
You need a good BP to perfuse the
kidneys
25% of perfusion
ADH
Released by BP, HTN, and exercise
Free water hormone
Reabsoprtion of water by the renal collecting ducts and dilutes the blood and other body fluids
Aldosterone
,Salt water hormone
Causes the renal tubules to reabsorb sodium and water, which expands the extracellular fluid
volume
What organ systems need to be healthy to maintain fluid homeostasis?
Abnormal fluid excretions
Wounds
Hemorrhage
trauma
burns
vomiting
Paracentesis
GI tubes
Geriatric considerations
message mechanism isn't working
Inability to swallow
Misuse of medications
filtration rate is lower
If your sodium is normal, it is
fluid volume deficit
ECV deficit is caused by removal of a
salt containing fluid from volume
Reasons for ECV deficit
GI loss
Renal excretion
Paracentesis
hemorrhage
wound drainage
burns
Manifestations of hypovolemia
tissue dehydration (tenting);
dry mucous membrane;
, low blood pressure;
high heart rate;
low urine volume;
decreased tissue perfusion(ability to deliver 02 to tissues)
weak pulse
decreased weight
postural hypotension
flat neck veins
Oliguria
hard stools
Mental confusion
muscle weakness
yellow dark concentrated urine
Daily weights are the most sensitive for
fluid status
Hb and Ht will be
high in hypovolemia
Hypervolemia
Serum osmolality is normal
concentration is normal
too much isotonic fluid
Hypervolemia manifestations
Increased pulse
increased temp
Increased BP
Increased edema
Increased in ascites
Crackles in lung
Test |Real Exam Questions & Verified
Answers
Intracellular Compartment
Rich in potassium, magnesium, and organic/inorganic phosphates
Low in sodium and chloride
Extracellular Compartment
Vascular (rich in protein)
Interstitial (protein deficient)
Transcellular (rich in sodium, chloride, and bicarb) (Low in potassium, magnesium, phosphate)
transcellular fluid
The fluid that is contained within specialized body compartments such as cerebrospinal, pleural,
and synovial cavities
Secreted by epithelial cells
thirst mechanism
Increased osmolarity or extracellular fluid
Decreased in older adults
Decreased circulating blood volume (blood loss)
Dryness of mucous membranes in mouth (elderly)
What organ systems must be healthy to absorb fluids and electrolytes?
Kidneys
Osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
oncotic pressure
Cirrhosis patients
low albumin
,The increase in urine output caused by the excretion of substances, such as glucose, mannitol,
or contrast agents in the urine.
Osmotic diuresis
outward push of vascular fluid against capillary walls
Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Inward pulling force of particles (proteins) in the interstitial fluid
Intersitial fluid colloid/oncotic osmotic pressure
Diffusion is
higher to lower
Osmosis is
lower to higher
Only ______ moves freely, not electrolytes
water
Normal ways of loosing fluid
Sweating
urinating
Bowel movements
breathing
You need a good BP to perfuse the
kidneys
25% of perfusion
ADH
Released by BP, HTN, and exercise
Free water hormone
Reabsoprtion of water by the renal collecting ducts and dilutes the blood and other body fluids
Aldosterone
,Salt water hormone
Causes the renal tubules to reabsorb sodium and water, which expands the extracellular fluid
volume
What organ systems need to be healthy to maintain fluid homeostasis?
Abnormal fluid excretions
Wounds
Hemorrhage
trauma
burns
vomiting
Paracentesis
GI tubes
Geriatric considerations
message mechanism isn't working
Inability to swallow
Misuse of medications
filtration rate is lower
If your sodium is normal, it is
fluid volume deficit
ECV deficit is caused by removal of a
salt containing fluid from volume
Reasons for ECV deficit
GI loss
Renal excretion
Paracentesis
hemorrhage
wound drainage
burns
Manifestations of hypovolemia
tissue dehydration (tenting);
dry mucous membrane;
, low blood pressure;
high heart rate;
low urine volume;
decreased tissue perfusion(ability to deliver 02 to tissues)
weak pulse
decreased weight
postural hypotension
flat neck veins
Oliguria
hard stools
Mental confusion
muscle weakness
yellow dark concentrated urine
Daily weights are the most sensitive for
fluid status
Hb and Ht will be
high in hypovolemia
Hypervolemia
Serum osmolality is normal
concentration is normal
too much isotonic fluid
Hypervolemia manifestations
Increased pulse
increased temp
Increased BP
Increased edema
Increased in ascites
Crackles in lung
