UIUC MCB 246 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT UPDATE 2026
Growth hormone - CORRECT ANSWES -- targets the liver/skeleton/muscle cells and
the function is the release of insulin-like growth factors from the liver; GH and IGF
function synergistically to induce growth
Adrenocorticotropic hormone - CORRECT ANSWES -- targets the adrenal glands and
stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids
T3 and T4 - CORRECT ANSWES -- Hormones released by the thyroid gland
T4 - CORRECT ANSWES -- Which thyroid hormone is released in greater amounts
T3 - CORRECT ANSWES -- Which thyroid hormone is more active
Iodine - CORRECT ANSWES -- what is used to make thyroid hormone
Hyperthyroidism symptoms - CORRECT ANSWES -- high metabolic rate, exophthalmos
goiter (enlarged thyroid) - CORRECT ANSWES -- what does excess iodine cause
Hypothyroidism symptoms - CORRECT ANSWES -- cretinism, myxedema, low
metabolic rate, shortened stature, impaired mental development
Calcitonin - CORRECT ANSWES -- decreases blood calcium levels (decrease
osteoclast activity in bone)
PTH - CORRECT ANSWES -- Increases blood calcium levels (increase osteoclast
activity in bone)
Zona glomerulosa - CORRECT ANSWES -- outer region of suprarenal cortex; produce
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Chief cells of the parathyroid gland - CORRECT ANSWES -- Where is PTH produced
, parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland - CORRECT ANSWES -- Where is calcitonin
produced
Zona fasciculata - CORRECT ANSWES -- produce glucocorticoids; secretion regulation
by negative feedback and mediated CRH and ACTH
Zona reticularis - CORRECT ANSWES -- produces androgens under the influence of
ACTH
Epinephrine and norepinephrine (catecholamines) - CORRECT ANSWES -- Hormones
produced by the adrenal medulla
mediate sympathetic "fight or flight" responses - CORRECT ANSWES -- Role of
catecholamines
Insulin - CORRECT ANSWES -- secreted by beta cells when blood glucose levels rise
Glucagon - CORRECT ANSWES -- secreted by alpha cells when blood glucose levels
decrease
Type I diabetes - CORRECT ANSWES -- insulin dependent (loss of beta cells=no
insulin production)
Type II diabetes - CORRECT ANSWES -- non-insulin dependent (tissues develop
insulin resistance)
Anterior pituitary - CORRECT ANSWES -- Where is GH produced
Liver to release IGF - CORRECT ANSWES -- What is the target for GH
Effects of GH - CORRECT ANSWES -- supports muscular and skeletal development in
children and maintains normal blood glucose and lipid reserves in adults
Giganstism - CORRECT ANSWES -- excessive levels of GH during childhood before
epiphyseal plates have ossified; very tall and thin
Dwarfism - CORRECT ANSWES -- deficiency of adequate GH during development;
reduced height
Acromegaly - CORRECT ANSWES -- excessive GH during adulthood after epiphyseal
plates have ossified; bone widening
Cretinism - CORRECT ANSWES -- diet deficient in iodine
Exophthalmos - CORRECT ANSWES -- bulging eyes caused by overactive thyroid
gland, sometimes linked to graves disease
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT UPDATE 2026
Growth hormone - CORRECT ANSWES -- targets the liver/skeleton/muscle cells and
the function is the release of insulin-like growth factors from the liver; GH and IGF
function synergistically to induce growth
Adrenocorticotropic hormone - CORRECT ANSWES -- targets the adrenal glands and
stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids
T3 and T4 - CORRECT ANSWES -- Hormones released by the thyroid gland
T4 - CORRECT ANSWES -- Which thyroid hormone is released in greater amounts
T3 - CORRECT ANSWES -- Which thyroid hormone is more active
Iodine - CORRECT ANSWES -- what is used to make thyroid hormone
Hyperthyroidism symptoms - CORRECT ANSWES -- high metabolic rate, exophthalmos
goiter (enlarged thyroid) - CORRECT ANSWES -- what does excess iodine cause
Hypothyroidism symptoms - CORRECT ANSWES -- cretinism, myxedema, low
metabolic rate, shortened stature, impaired mental development
Calcitonin - CORRECT ANSWES -- decreases blood calcium levels (decrease
osteoclast activity in bone)
PTH - CORRECT ANSWES -- Increases blood calcium levels (increase osteoclast
activity in bone)
Zona glomerulosa - CORRECT ANSWES -- outer region of suprarenal cortex; produce
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Chief cells of the parathyroid gland - CORRECT ANSWES -- Where is PTH produced
, parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland - CORRECT ANSWES -- Where is calcitonin
produced
Zona fasciculata - CORRECT ANSWES -- produce glucocorticoids; secretion regulation
by negative feedback and mediated CRH and ACTH
Zona reticularis - CORRECT ANSWES -- produces androgens under the influence of
ACTH
Epinephrine and norepinephrine (catecholamines) - CORRECT ANSWES -- Hormones
produced by the adrenal medulla
mediate sympathetic "fight or flight" responses - CORRECT ANSWES -- Role of
catecholamines
Insulin - CORRECT ANSWES -- secreted by beta cells when blood glucose levels rise
Glucagon - CORRECT ANSWES -- secreted by alpha cells when blood glucose levels
decrease
Type I diabetes - CORRECT ANSWES -- insulin dependent (loss of beta cells=no
insulin production)
Type II diabetes - CORRECT ANSWES -- non-insulin dependent (tissues develop
insulin resistance)
Anterior pituitary - CORRECT ANSWES -- Where is GH produced
Liver to release IGF - CORRECT ANSWES -- What is the target for GH
Effects of GH - CORRECT ANSWES -- supports muscular and skeletal development in
children and maintains normal blood glucose and lipid reserves in adults
Giganstism - CORRECT ANSWES -- excessive levels of GH during childhood before
epiphyseal plates have ossified; very tall and thin
Dwarfism - CORRECT ANSWES -- deficiency of adequate GH during development;
reduced height
Acromegaly - CORRECT ANSWES -- excessive GH during adulthood after epiphyseal
plates have ossified; bone widening
Cretinism - CORRECT ANSWES -- diet deficient in iodine
Exophthalmos - CORRECT ANSWES -- bulging eyes caused by overactive thyroid
gland, sometimes linked to graves disease
