PATH 1000 MIDTERM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Pathology - Answers -The study of changes in the body
Pathogenesis - Answers -Development of a disease
Etiology - Answers -Cause or set of causes related to disease
Idiopathic - Answers -Disease arises spontaneously, cause is unknown
Iatrogenic - Answers -Disease or illness caused by medical trea or examination
Epidemic - Answers -Widespread occurrence of disease in a community at a particular
time
Endemic - Answers -Disease regularly found among particular people in a certain area
Pandemic - Answers -Disease prevalent over the whole country or world
Morbidity - Answers -Being diseased
Mortality - Answers -Number of dealths
Prokaryotes - Answers -Bacteria
Eukaryotes - Answers -Plant and animal cells and fungi
Nulcleolus - Answers -Contains RNA and DNA
Lysome - Answers -Sac like, digests substances to original form
Mitocondria - Answers -Generates ATP, powerhouse of cell
Nucleus - Answers -Selectively permible
Cytoplasm - Answers -Free space in cell, fluid
Plasma membrane - Answers -Protective covering of cell, putter membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Answers -Synthesis and transport of protein and lipids
Ribosome - Answers -Site for cellular protein synthesis
, Dysplasia - Answers -abnormal development of cells within tissues or organs. It can
lead to a wide range of conditions that involve enlarged tissue or pre-cancerous cells.
Metaplasia - Answers -Replacement of a mature cell to a less mature cell
Hyperplasia - Answers -increase in number of cells
hypertrophy - Answers -increase in cell size
atrophy - Answers -decrease in cell size
Adaptation - Answers -Reversible, structural, or functional response to both normal or
physiological conditions and to adverse or pathological conditions
Ex.) uterus adapts to pregnancy
4 ways cells adapt to their environment - Answers --atrophy (shrinkage in size)
-hypertrophy (increase in size)
-hyperplasia (increase in #of cells)
-metaplasia (replacement)
cell injury - Answers -Unable to maintain homeostasis, may be reversible and not
cause death
cell death - Answers -Injuries become irreversible, cell dies
hypoxic injury - Answers -Lack of 02, decreased hemoglobin, decreased production of
red blood cells, disease of respiratory or cardiovascular systems
Ishchemia - Answers -Reduced blood supply
anoxia - Answers -total lack of oxygen
chemical injury - Answers -Ex.) carbon monoxide poisoning or lead poisoning
reperfusion injury - Answers -White blood cells effected
asphyxial injuries - Answers -caused by a failure of cells to receive or use oxygen
Sufforcation - Answers -O2 fails to reach blood
strangulation - Answers -Compression or closure
Types
Hanging- v mark on neck
Choking- and obstruction
Ligature- victim struggles, marks on neck
Manual- clawing at neck to escape or remove hands
Pathology - Answers -The study of changes in the body
Pathogenesis - Answers -Development of a disease
Etiology - Answers -Cause or set of causes related to disease
Idiopathic - Answers -Disease arises spontaneously, cause is unknown
Iatrogenic - Answers -Disease or illness caused by medical trea or examination
Epidemic - Answers -Widespread occurrence of disease in a community at a particular
time
Endemic - Answers -Disease regularly found among particular people in a certain area
Pandemic - Answers -Disease prevalent over the whole country or world
Morbidity - Answers -Being diseased
Mortality - Answers -Number of dealths
Prokaryotes - Answers -Bacteria
Eukaryotes - Answers -Plant and animal cells and fungi
Nulcleolus - Answers -Contains RNA and DNA
Lysome - Answers -Sac like, digests substances to original form
Mitocondria - Answers -Generates ATP, powerhouse of cell
Nucleus - Answers -Selectively permible
Cytoplasm - Answers -Free space in cell, fluid
Plasma membrane - Answers -Protective covering of cell, putter membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Answers -Synthesis and transport of protein and lipids
Ribosome - Answers -Site for cellular protein synthesis
, Dysplasia - Answers -abnormal development of cells within tissues or organs. It can
lead to a wide range of conditions that involve enlarged tissue or pre-cancerous cells.
Metaplasia - Answers -Replacement of a mature cell to a less mature cell
Hyperplasia - Answers -increase in number of cells
hypertrophy - Answers -increase in cell size
atrophy - Answers -decrease in cell size
Adaptation - Answers -Reversible, structural, or functional response to both normal or
physiological conditions and to adverse or pathological conditions
Ex.) uterus adapts to pregnancy
4 ways cells adapt to their environment - Answers --atrophy (shrinkage in size)
-hypertrophy (increase in size)
-hyperplasia (increase in #of cells)
-metaplasia (replacement)
cell injury - Answers -Unable to maintain homeostasis, may be reversible and not
cause death
cell death - Answers -Injuries become irreversible, cell dies
hypoxic injury - Answers -Lack of 02, decreased hemoglobin, decreased production of
red blood cells, disease of respiratory or cardiovascular systems
Ishchemia - Answers -Reduced blood supply
anoxia - Answers -total lack of oxygen
chemical injury - Answers -Ex.) carbon monoxide poisoning or lead poisoning
reperfusion injury - Answers -White blood cells effected
asphyxial injuries - Answers -caused by a failure of cells to receive or use oxygen
Sufforcation - Answers -O2 fails to reach blood
strangulation - Answers -Compression or closure
Types
Hanging- v mark on neck
Choking- and obstruction
Ligature- victim struggles, marks on neck
Manual- clawing at neck to escape or remove hands
