Exam 3 Test Questions Fully Solved.
Which response does the immune system normally make to antigens of malignant cells? -
Answer Immunologic surveillance is the process in which lymphocytes check cell surface
antigens and detect and destroy cells with abnormal or altered antigenic determinants to
prevent these cells from developing into clinically detectable tumors. Metastasis is increased
growth rate of the tumor, increased invasiveness, and spread of the cancer to a distant site in
the progression stage of cancer development. Tumor angiogenesis is the process of blood
vessels forming within the tumor itself. Immunologic escape is the cancer cells' evasion of
immunologic surveillance, which allows the cancer cells to reproduce.
Tumor angiogenesis - Answer the process of the formation of blood vessels within the tumor
itself
Immunologic escape - Answer The process by which cancer cells evade the immune system
Immunologic surveillance - Answer the response of the immune system to antigens of the
malignant cells
Metastasis - Answer The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site
A patient who is undergoing a diagnostic workup for cancer expresses anxiety about the results.
Which response would the nurse make? - Answer During the diagnostic workup of cancer, it
is common for patients to be anxious. The nurse should actively listen to all concerns expressed.
The nurse should not use communication patterns that may hinder exploration of feelings and
meanings. "It is probably nothing" may indicate that the nurse is giving false reassurances. "Let's
discuss that later" may mean that the nurse is delaying the discussion, and "Everyone feels this
way" means that the nurse is generalizing the patient's concern. By using these strategies, the
nurse may deny patients the opportunity to share the meaning of their experience.
Which statement explains the primary protective role of the immune system related to
malignant cells? - Answer It is believed that one of the functions of the immune system is to
respond to TAAs, which are altered cell-surface antigens that occur on a cancer cell as a result of
malignant transformation. This immune function is known as immunologic surveillance.
Immune cells do not bind with free antigens released by malignant cells, nor do they produce
blocking factors that immobilize cancer cells. The immune system does not produce antibodies
to attack cancer cells.
Which condition is associated with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)? - Answer TLS is a metabolic
complication characterized by rapid release of intracellular components in response to
chemotherapy. This can lead rapidly to acute renal injury. The hallmark signs of TLS are
hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, and hypocalcemia.
, The nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results for a patient with cancer. The total serum
protein level is 6.4 g/dL. The laboratory range states that the total serum protein level should be
between 6.0 and 8.0 g/dL. Which interpretation would the nurse make? - Answer Total
serum protein level should be between 6.0 and 8.0 g/dL. A protein level of 6.4 g/dL is normal,
so the patient does not have malnutrition. The protein value of 6.4 g/dL is not reduced or
increased.
A patient with lung cancer tells the nurse, "I know I am going to die pretty soon, perhaps in the
next month." In which way would the nurse respond? - Answer "What are your feelings
about thinking you may die soon?"
The best response to psychosocial questions is to acknowledge the patient's feelings and
explore his or her concerns. "What are your feelings about thinking you may die soon?" does
both and is a helpful response that encourages further communication between patient and
nurse. Ignoring the patient's feelings is not respectful or therapeutic communication. Calling the
spiritual advisor is reasonable but shuts off communication in the short term. The patient is
expressing feelings; medication is not indicated.
The nurse is discussing the effects of chemotherapy with a patient who has a new diagnosis of
cancer. Which statement by the patient reflects an adequate understanding of the teaching? -
Answer The impact of a cancer diagnosis can affect many aspects of a patient's life, with
cancer survivors commonly reporting financial, vocational, marital, and emotional concerns
even long after treatment is over. These psychosocial effects can play a profound role in a
patient's life after cancer, with issues related to living in uncertainty being encountered
frequently. Participation in appropriate supportive care and community resources would benefit
the patient in recovery or ongoing care. It will not be necessary for the patient to use birth
control for the rest of the patient's life; nausea and vomiting are expected effects of
chemotherapy and treatment will continue unless the vomiting becomes severe; and though
some of the patient's normal activities may be affected, not all will be affected.
A patient undergoing outpatient chemotherapy reports feeling lonely and isolated and wants to
resume normal activities, such as socialization with friends. Which precaution would the nurse
recommend for the patient when resuming these activities? - Answer The nurse needs to
teach the patient measures that will protect against infection, such as maintaining adequate
nutrition and fluid intake and avoiding crowds, people with infections, and others who have
been recently vaccinated with live or attenuated vaccines. Drinking bottled water, eating only at
home, and using the bathroom only at home are unnecessary precautions.
patient's laboratory report reveals that the cells from the tumor biopsy are grade II. Which
interpretation would the nurse make about the tumor cells? - Answer Abnormal and
moderately differentiated
Grade II cells are more abnormal than grade I cells and are moderately differentiated. Grade III
cells are very abnormal and poorly differentiated. Grade IV cells are immature, primitive, and
Which response does the immune system normally make to antigens of malignant cells? -
Answer Immunologic surveillance is the process in which lymphocytes check cell surface
antigens and detect and destroy cells with abnormal or altered antigenic determinants to
prevent these cells from developing into clinically detectable tumors. Metastasis is increased
growth rate of the tumor, increased invasiveness, and spread of the cancer to a distant site in
the progression stage of cancer development. Tumor angiogenesis is the process of blood
vessels forming within the tumor itself. Immunologic escape is the cancer cells' evasion of
immunologic surveillance, which allows the cancer cells to reproduce.
Tumor angiogenesis - Answer the process of the formation of blood vessels within the tumor
itself
Immunologic escape - Answer The process by which cancer cells evade the immune system
Immunologic surveillance - Answer the response of the immune system to antigens of the
malignant cells
Metastasis - Answer The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site
A patient who is undergoing a diagnostic workup for cancer expresses anxiety about the results.
Which response would the nurse make? - Answer During the diagnostic workup of cancer, it
is common for patients to be anxious. The nurse should actively listen to all concerns expressed.
The nurse should not use communication patterns that may hinder exploration of feelings and
meanings. "It is probably nothing" may indicate that the nurse is giving false reassurances. "Let's
discuss that later" may mean that the nurse is delaying the discussion, and "Everyone feels this
way" means that the nurse is generalizing the patient's concern. By using these strategies, the
nurse may deny patients the opportunity to share the meaning of their experience.
Which statement explains the primary protective role of the immune system related to
malignant cells? - Answer It is believed that one of the functions of the immune system is to
respond to TAAs, which are altered cell-surface antigens that occur on a cancer cell as a result of
malignant transformation. This immune function is known as immunologic surveillance.
Immune cells do not bind with free antigens released by malignant cells, nor do they produce
blocking factors that immobilize cancer cells. The immune system does not produce antibodies
to attack cancer cells.
Which condition is associated with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)? - Answer TLS is a metabolic
complication characterized by rapid release of intracellular components in response to
chemotherapy. This can lead rapidly to acute renal injury. The hallmark signs of TLS are
hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, and hypocalcemia.
, The nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results for a patient with cancer. The total serum
protein level is 6.4 g/dL. The laboratory range states that the total serum protein level should be
between 6.0 and 8.0 g/dL. Which interpretation would the nurse make? - Answer Total
serum protein level should be between 6.0 and 8.0 g/dL. A protein level of 6.4 g/dL is normal,
so the patient does not have malnutrition. The protein value of 6.4 g/dL is not reduced or
increased.
A patient with lung cancer tells the nurse, "I know I am going to die pretty soon, perhaps in the
next month." In which way would the nurse respond? - Answer "What are your feelings
about thinking you may die soon?"
The best response to psychosocial questions is to acknowledge the patient's feelings and
explore his or her concerns. "What are your feelings about thinking you may die soon?" does
both and is a helpful response that encourages further communication between patient and
nurse. Ignoring the patient's feelings is not respectful or therapeutic communication. Calling the
spiritual advisor is reasonable but shuts off communication in the short term. The patient is
expressing feelings; medication is not indicated.
The nurse is discussing the effects of chemotherapy with a patient who has a new diagnosis of
cancer. Which statement by the patient reflects an adequate understanding of the teaching? -
Answer The impact of a cancer diagnosis can affect many aspects of a patient's life, with
cancer survivors commonly reporting financial, vocational, marital, and emotional concerns
even long after treatment is over. These psychosocial effects can play a profound role in a
patient's life after cancer, with issues related to living in uncertainty being encountered
frequently. Participation in appropriate supportive care and community resources would benefit
the patient in recovery or ongoing care. It will not be necessary for the patient to use birth
control for the rest of the patient's life; nausea and vomiting are expected effects of
chemotherapy and treatment will continue unless the vomiting becomes severe; and though
some of the patient's normal activities may be affected, not all will be affected.
A patient undergoing outpatient chemotherapy reports feeling lonely and isolated and wants to
resume normal activities, such as socialization with friends. Which precaution would the nurse
recommend for the patient when resuming these activities? - Answer The nurse needs to
teach the patient measures that will protect against infection, such as maintaining adequate
nutrition and fluid intake and avoiding crowds, people with infections, and others who have
been recently vaccinated with live or attenuated vaccines. Drinking bottled water, eating only at
home, and using the bathroom only at home are unnecessary precautions.
patient's laboratory report reveals that the cells from the tumor biopsy are grade II. Which
interpretation would the nurse make about the tumor cells? - Answer Abnormal and
moderately differentiated
Grade II cells are more abnormal than grade I cells and are moderately differentiated. Grade III
cells are very abnormal and poorly differentiated. Grade IV cells are immature, primitive, and
