CCRP AACVPR CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
2026 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS ANSWERS
◉ drugs that interrupt the RAAS. Answer: ACE/ARB
decrease BP by countering the effect of angiotensin II on increasing
peripheral vascular resistance and increasing volume depletion
◉ diuretics side effects. Answer: hypokalemia
metabolic side effects that worsen hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia,
cause uric acid retention, gout, and ED (thiazides)
◉ Beta blocker side effects. Answer: bradycardia
worsening asthma or COPD
worsen hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia
cold feet
vivid dreams
rebound HTN on discontinuation
◉ ACE inhibitors adverse effects. Answer: dry cough
hypotension
hyperkalemia
rash
,fever
altered taste
angioedema (rare but life-threatening)
acute renal failure (patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis)
◉ ARB side effects. Answer: lower incidence of dry cough and
angioedema than ACE
◉ CCBs adverse effects. Answer: hypotension
flushing
nausea
dizziness
edema
(better for elderly and African Americans)
◉ more lipid and less protein. Answer: less dense - LDL
◉ less lipid and more protein. Answer: more dense - HDL
◉ least to most dense lipoproteins. Answer: chylomicrons, VLDL,
LDL, HDL
,◉ Chylomicrons. Answer: the class of lipoproteins that transport
dietary fat from the intestinal cells to the rest of the body
◉ total cholesterol levels. Answer: <200 desirable
200-240 borderline high
>240 high
◉ triglyceride levels. Answer: <150 optimal
150-199 borderline high
200-499 high
>500 very high
◉ HDL levels. Answer: >40 optimal for men
>50 optimal for women
◉ LDL levels. Answer: <100 optimal
100-129 near/above optimal
130-159 borderline high
160-189 high
>190 very high
◉ calculate LDL. Answer: LDL = TC - HDL - (TG/5)
, ◉ Most atherogenic lipoprotein. Answer: LDL
◉ Hypertryglyceridemia is associated with high levels of _____ and is
now an independent risk factor for CVD. Answer: v-LDL
◉ high levels of ____ are associated with decreased CVD risk. Answer:
HDL
◉ atherogenic dyslipidemia. Answer: high TG, low HDL, modest
elevations in LDL
◉ metabolic syndrome. Answer: 3 or more of these risk factors:
abdominal obesity - waist circumference >40 men and >35 women
hypertryglyceridemia - TG>150 mg/DL
FBG - >100 mmHg or drug treatment
low HDL - HDL <40 for men and <50 women
elevated BP - SPB >=130 and DBP >= 80
◉ individuals with metabolic syndrome have a high risk for ____.
Answer: CHD events
2026 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS ANSWERS
◉ drugs that interrupt the RAAS. Answer: ACE/ARB
decrease BP by countering the effect of angiotensin II on increasing
peripheral vascular resistance and increasing volume depletion
◉ diuretics side effects. Answer: hypokalemia
metabolic side effects that worsen hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia,
cause uric acid retention, gout, and ED (thiazides)
◉ Beta blocker side effects. Answer: bradycardia
worsening asthma or COPD
worsen hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia
cold feet
vivid dreams
rebound HTN on discontinuation
◉ ACE inhibitors adverse effects. Answer: dry cough
hypotension
hyperkalemia
rash
,fever
altered taste
angioedema (rare but life-threatening)
acute renal failure (patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis)
◉ ARB side effects. Answer: lower incidence of dry cough and
angioedema than ACE
◉ CCBs adverse effects. Answer: hypotension
flushing
nausea
dizziness
edema
(better for elderly and African Americans)
◉ more lipid and less protein. Answer: less dense - LDL
◉ less lipid and more protein. Answer: more dense - HDL
◉ least to most dense lipoproteins. Answer: chylomicrons, VLDL,
LDL, HDL
,◉ Chylomicrons. Answer: the class of lipoproteins that transport
dietary fat from the intestinal cells to the rest of the body
◉ total cholesterol levels. Answer: <200 desirable
200-240 borderline high
>240 high
◉ triglyceride levels. Answer: <150 optimal
150-199 borderline high
200-499 high
>500 very high
◉ HDL levels. Answer: >40 optimal for men
>50 optimal for women
◉ LDL levels. Answer: <100 optimal
100-129 near/above optimal
130-159 borderline high
160-189 high
>190 very high
◉ calculate LDL. Answer: LDL = TC - HDL - (TG/5)
, ◉ Most atherogenic lipoprotein. Answer: LDL
◉ Hypertryglyceridemia is associated with high levels of _____ and is
now an independent risk factor for CVD. Answer: v-LDL
◉ high levels of ____ are associated with decreased CVD risk. Answer:
HDL
◉ atherogenic dyslipidemia. Answer: high TG, low HDL, modest
elevations in LDL
◉ metabolic syndrome. Answer: 3 or more of these risk factors:
abdominal obesity - waist circumference >40 men and >35 women
hypertryglyceridemia - TG>150 mg/DL
FBG - >100 mmHg or drug treatment
low HDL - HDL <40 for men and <50 women
elevated BP - SPB >=130 and DBP >= 80
◉ individuals with metabolic syndrome have a high risk for ____.
Answer: CHD events
