TEST BANK
g
,Chapterg1:gCellgAdaptation,gInjurygandgDeath
Ischemiagandgothergtoxicginjuriesgincreasegthegaccumulationgofgintracellulargcalciumgasgagresultgof:
1.
A) releasegofgstoredgcalciumgfromgthegmitochondria.
B) improvedgintracellulargvolumegregulation.
C) decreasedginfluxgacrossgthegcellgmembrane.
D) attractiongofgcalciumgtogfattyginfiltrates.
Thegpatientgisgfoundgtoghaveglivergdisease,gresultinggingthegremovalgofgaglobegofghisgliver.gAdapt
2. ationgtogthegreducedgsizegofgtheglivergleadsgtog ofgthegremainingglivergcells.
A) metaplasia
B) organgatrophy
C) compensatoryghyperplasia
g g D) physiologicghypertrophy
Agpersongeatinggpeanutsgstartsgchokinggandgcollapses.gHisgairwaygobstructiongisgpartiallygc
leared,gbutghegremainsghypoxicguntilghegreachesgtheghospital.gThegprolongedgcellghypoxiagca
3. usedgagcerebralginfarctiongandgresultingg ingthegbrain.
A) caspasegactivation
B) coagulationgnecrosis
C) rapidgphagocytosis
D) proteingp53gdeficiency
Bacteriagandgvirusesgcausegcellgdamagegbyg
4. ,gwhichgisguniquegfromgthegintracellularg
damagegcausedgbygotherginjuriousgagents.
A) disruptinggthegsodium/potassiumgATPasegpump
B) interruptinggoxidativegmetabolismgprocesses
g g C) replicatinggandgproducinggcontinuedginjury
D) decreasinggproteingsynthesisgandgfunction
Thegpatientghasgagprolongedginterruptiongingarterialgbloodgflowgtoghisgleftgkidney,gcausingghypoxicg
5. cellginjurygandgthegreleasegofgfreegradicals.gFreegradicalsgdamagegcellsgby:
A) destroyinggphospholipidsgingthegcellgmembrane.
B) alteringgthegimmunegresponsegofgthegcell.
C) disruptinggcalciumgstoragegingthegcell.
D) inactivationgofgenzymesgandgmitochondria.
6. Injuredgcellsghavegimpairedgflowgofgsubstancesgthroughgthegcellgmembranegasgagresultgof:
, A) increasedgfatgload.
B) alteredgpermeability.
C) alteredgglucosegutilization.
D) increasedgsurfacegreceptors.
7. Reversiblegadaptivegintracellulargresponsesgareginitiatedgby:
A) stimulusgoverload.
B) geneticgmutations.
C) chemicalgmessengers.
D) mitochondrialgDNA.
8. Injuredgcellsgbecomegverygswollengasgagresultgof:
A) increasedgcellgproteingsynthesis.
B) alteredgcellgvolumegregulation.
C) passivegentrygofgpotassiumgintogthegcell.
D) blebgformationgingthegplasmagmembrane.
Agdiabeticgpatientghasgimpairedgsensation,gcirculation,gandgoxygenationgofghisgfeet.gHegstepsgongag
piecegofgglass,gthegwoundgdoesgnotgheal,gandgthegareagtissuegbecomesgnecrotic.gThegnecroticgcellg
9. deathgisgcharacterizedgby:
A) rapidgapoptosis.
B) cellulargrupture.
C) shrinkagegandgcollapse.
D) chronicginflammation.
Ag99-year-
10. oldgwomanghasgexperiencedgthegdeclinegofgcellgfunctiongassociatedgwithgage.gAggroupgofgtheorie
sgofgcellulargaginggfocusgongprogrammed:
A) changesgwithggeneticginfluences.
B) eliminationgofgcellgreceptorgsites.
C) insufficientgtelomerasegenzyme.
g g D) DNAgmutationgorgfaultygrepair.
Ang89-year-
oldgfemalegpatientghasgexperiencedgsignificantgdecreasesginghergmobilitygandgstaminagduringgag3
-weekghospitalgstaygforgthegtreatmentgofgagfemoralgheadgfracture.gWhichgof
11. thegfollowinggphenomenagmostglikelygaccountsgforgthegpatientsgdecreasegingmusclegfunctiongthat
gunderliesghergreducedgmobility?
A) Impairedgmusclegcellgmetabolismgresultinggfromgmetaplasia
B) Dysplasiagasgagconsequencegofginflammationgduringgbonegremodeling
, C) Disusegatrophygofgmusclegcellsgduringgagprolongedgperiodgofgimmobility
D) Ischemicgatrophygresultinggfromgvasculargchangesgwhilegongbedrest
Ag20-year-
oldgcollegegstudentghasgpresentedgtoghergcampusgmedicalgclinicgforgagscheduledgPapanicolaoug(Pa
12. p)gsmear.gThegcliniciangwhogwillginterpretgthegsmeargwillgexaminegcellgsamplesgforgevidencegof:
A) changesgingcellgshape,gsize,gandgorganization.
B) thegpresencegofgunexpectedgcellgtypes.
g g C) ischemicgchangesgingcellgsamples.
D) abnormallyghighgnumbersgofgcellsgingagspecifiedgfield.
Whichgofgthegfollowinggpathophysiologicgprocessesgisgmostglikelygtogresultgingmetastaticgcalcifica
g g 13. tion?
A) Benigngprostaticghyperplasia
B) Livergcirrhosis
C) Impairedgglycogengmetabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despitegtheglowglevelsgofgradiationgusedgingcontemporarygradiologicgimaging,gagradiologygtechni
ciangisgawaregofgthegneedgtogminimizeghergexposuregtogionizinggradiation.gWhatgisgthegprimarygrati
14. onalegforgthegtechniciansgprecautions?
A) Radiationgstimulatesgpathologicgcellghypertrophygandghyperplasia.
B) Radiationgresultsgingthegaccumulationgofgendogenousgwastegproductsgingthegcytoplasm.
C) RadiationginterferesgwithgDNAgsynthesisgandgmitosis.
D) Radiationgdecreasesgthegactiongpotentialgofgrapidlygdividinggcells.
Thegparentsgofgag4-year-
oldggirlghavegsoughtgcaregbecausegtheirgdaughterghasgadmittedgtogchewinggandgswallowinggimpor
15. tedgtoygfigurinesgthatghavegbeengdeterminedgtogbegmadegofglead.gWhichgofgthegfollowinggbloodgtes
tsgshouldgthegcaregteamgprioritize?
g g A) Whitegbloodgcellglevelsgwithgdifferential
B) Redgbloodgcellglevelsgandgmorphology
C) Ureagandgcreatinineglevels
D) Livergfunctiongpanel
Ag70-year-oldgmalegpatientghasgbeengadmittedgtogaghospitalgforgthegtreatmentgofgagrecent
hemorrhagicgstrokegthatghasgleftghimgwithgnumerousgmotorgandgsensorygdeficits.gThesegdeficitsgar
16. egmostglikelygthegresultgofgwhichgofgthegfollowinggmechanismsgofgcellginjury?
A) Freegradicalginjury
B) HypoxiagandgATPgdepletion
C) InterferencegwithgDNAgsynthesis
g
,Chapterg1:gCellgAdaptation,gInjurygandgDeath
Ischemiagandgothergtoxicginjuriesgincreasegthegaccumulationgofgintracellulargcalciumgasgagresultgof:
1.
A) releasegofgstoredgcalciumgfromgthegmitochondria.
B) improvedgintracellulargvolumegregulation.
C) decreasedginfluxgacrossgthegcellgmembrane.
D) attractiongofgcalciumgtogfattyginfiltrates.
Thegpatientgisgfoundgtoghaveglivergdisease,gresultinggingthegremovalgofgaglobegofghisgliver.gAdapt
2. ationgtogthegreducedgsizegofgtheglivergleadsgtog ofgthegremainingglivergcells.
A) metaplasia
B) organgatrophy
C) compensatoryghyperplasia
g g D) physiologicghypertrophy
Agpersongeatinggpeanutsgstartsgchokinggandgcollapses.gHisgairwaygobstructiongisgpartiallygc
leared,gbutghegremainsghypoxicguntilghegreachesgtheghospital.gThegprolongedgcellghypoxiagca
3. usedgagcerebralginfarctiongandgresultingg ingthegbrain.
A) caspasegactivation
B) coagulationgnecrosis
C) rapidgphagocytosis
D) proteingp53gdeficiency
Bacteriagandgvirusesgcausegcellgdamagegbyg
4. ,gwhichgisguniquegfromgthegintracellularg
damagegcausedgbygotherginjuriousgagents.
A) disruptinggthegsodium/potassiumgATPasegpump
B) interruptinggoxidativegmetabolismgprocesses
g g C) replicatinggandgproducinggcontinuedginjury
D) decreasinggproteingsynthesisgandgfunction
Thegpatientghasgagprolongedginterruptiongingarterialgbloodgflowgtoghisgleftgkidney,gcausingghypoxicg
5. cellginjurygandgthegreleasegofgfreegradicals.gFreegradicalsgdamagegcellsgby:
A) destroyinggphospholipidsgingthegcellgmembrane.
B) alteringgthegimmunegresponsegofgthegcell.
C) disruptinggcalciumgstoragegingthegcell.
D) inactivationgofgenzymesgandgmitochondria.
6. Injuredgcellsghavegimpairedgflowgofgsubstancesgthroughgthegcellgmembranegasgagresultgof:
, A) increasedgfatgload.
B) alteredgpermeability.
C) alteredgglucosegutilization.
D) increasedgsurfacegreceptors.
7. Reversiblegadaptivegintracellulargresponsesgareginitiatedgby:
A) stimulusgoverload.
B) geneticgmutations.
C) chemicalgmessengers.
D) mitochondrialgDNA.
8. Injuredgcellsgbecomegverygswollengasgagresultgof:
A) increasedgcellgproteingsynthesis.
B) alteredgcellgvolumegregulation.
C) passivegentrygofgpotassiumgintogthegcell.
D) blebgformationgingthegplasmagmembrane.
Agdiabeticgpatientghasgimpairedgsensation,gcirculation,gandgoxygenationgofghisgfeet.gHegstepsgongag
piecegofgglass,gthegwoundgdoesgnotgheal,gandgthegareagtissuegbecomesgnecrotic.gThegnecroticgcellg
9. deathgisgcharacterizedgby:
A) rapidgapoptosis.
B) cellulargrupture.
C) shrinkagegandgcollapse.
D) chronicginflammation.
Ag99-year-
10. oldgwomanghasgexperiencedgthegdeclinegofgcellgfunctiongassociatedgwithgage.gAggroupgofgtheorie
sgofgcellulargaginggfocusgongprogrammed:
A) changesgwithggeneticginfluences.
B) eliminationgofgcellgreceptorgsites.
C) insufficientgtelomerasegenzyme.
g g D) DNAgmutationgorgfaultygrepair.
Ang89-year-
oldgfemalegpatientghasgexperiencedgsignificantgdecreasesginghergmobilitygandgstaminagduringgag3
-weekghospitalgstaygforgthegtreatmentgofgagfemoralgheadgfracture.gWhichgof
11. thegfollowinggphenomenagmostglikelygaccountsgforgthegpatientsgdecreasegingmusclegfunctiongthat
gunderliesghergreducedgmobility?
A) Impairedgmusclegcellgmetabolismgresultinggfromgmetaplasia
B) Dysplasiagasgagconsequencegofginflammationgduringgbonegremodeling
, C) Disusegatrophygofgmusclegcellsgduringgagprolongedgperiodgofgimmobility
D) Ischemicgatrophygresultinggfromgvasculargchangesgwhilegongbedrest
Ag20-year-
oldgcollegegstudentghasgpresentedgtoghergcampusgmedicalgclinicgforgagscheduledgPapanicolaoug(Pa
12. p)gsmear.gThegcliniciangwhogwillginterpretgthegsmeargwillgexaminegcellgsamplesgforgevidencegof:
A) changesgingcellgshape,gsize,gandgorganization.
B) thegpresencegofgunexpectedgcellgtypes.
g g C) ischemicgchangesgingcellgsamples.
D) abnormallyghighgnumbersgofgcellsgingagspecifiedgfield.
Whichgofgthegfollowinggpathophysiologicgprocessesgisgmostglikelygtogresultgingmetastaticgcalcifica
g g 13. tion?
A) Benigngprostaticghyperplasia
B) Livergcirrhosis
C) Impairedgglycogengmetabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despitegtheglowglevelsgofgradiationgusedgingcontemporarygradiologicgimaging,gagradiologygtechni
ciangisgawaregofgthegneedgtogminimizeghergexposuregtogionizinggradiation.gWhatgisgthegprimarygrati
14. onalegforgthegtechniciansgprecautions?
A) Radiationgstimulatesgpathologicgcellghypertrophygandghyperplasia.
B) Radiationgresultsgingthegaccumulationgofgendogenousgwastegproductsgingthegcytoplasm.
C) RadiationginterferesgwithgDNAgsynthesisgandgmitosis.
D) Radiationgdecreasesgthegactiongpotentialgofgrapidlygdividinggcells.
Thegparentsgofgag4-year-
oldggirlghavegsoughtgcaregbecausegtheirgdaughterghasgadmittedgtogchewinggandgswallowinggimpor
15. tedgtoygfigurinesgthatghavegbeengdeterminedgtogbegmadegofglead.gWhichgofgthegfollowinggbloodgtes
tsgshouldgthegcaregteamgprioritize?
g g A) Whitegbloodgcellglevelsgwithgdifferential
B) Redgbloodgcellglevelsgandgmorphology
C) Ureagandgcreatinineglevels
D) Livergfunctiongpanel
Ag70-year-oldgmalegpatientghasgbeengadmittedgtogaghospitalgforgthegtreatmentgofgagrecent
hemorrhagicgstrokegthatghasgleftghimgwithgnumerousgmotorgandgsensorygdeficits.gThesegdeficitsgar
16. egmostglikelygthegresultgofgwhichgofgthegfollowinggmechanismsgofgcellginjury?
A) Freegradicalginjury
B) HypoxiagandgATPgdepletion
C) InterferencegwithgDNAgsynthesis
