NBME 30 Exam Questions and
Answers 100% PASS
difference b/w Kwashiorkor & Marasmus—ANSWER-- kwashiorkor (edematous
malnutrition): marasmus PLUS EDEMA
- marasmus (WASTING SYNDROME): skin lesions, fatty liver, acute protein-energy
malnutrition with decreased arm circumference, weight per length or BMI
deformation—ANSWER-disruption in organ morphogenesis occurring AFTER embryonic
period; extrinsic force limits normal organ development
vascular changes in chronic HTN—ANSWER-- hyaline arteriolosclerosis: protein deposition in
vessel walls
- hyperplastic arteriosclerosis (arteriolitis): concentric thickening of vessel wall w/ laminar
appearance caused by proliferation of smooth muscle cells
- commonly affects renal arterioles
Nodular glomerulosclerosis—ANSWER-assoc w/ diabetic nephropathy & amyloidosis
,supraoptic nucleus—ANSWER-responsible for ADH secretion from pituitary & urine
concentration
anterior hypothalamic nucleus—ANSWER-thermoregulation (cooling)
arcuate hypothalamic nucleus—ANSWER-appetite stimulation
dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus—ANSWER-regulation of feeding & circadian rhythm
lateral hypothalamic nucleus—ANSWER-promotes appetite (GHRELIN)
posterior hypothalamic nucleus—ANSWER-thermoregulating (heating)
ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus—ANSWER-satiety (LEPTIN)
osteopetrosis—ANSWER-excessive mineralization of bone & failure of osteoclastic
resorption
- mutation in macrophage colony stimulating factor
achondroplasia—ANSWER-human dwarfism
- AD mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene
porphyria cutanea tarda—ANSWER-severe cutaneous photosensitivity with blistering &
hyperpigmentation after exposure to sunlight
- decreased activity of uroporphyringoen decarboxylase enzyme in the production of HEME
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law, Copyrighted By Brittie Donald
, CD8+ T lymphocytes—ANSWER-responsible for CLEARING a virus
- class I MHC receptors present a virus to CD8+ T cell on an APC
- CD8+ T cell has a specific TCR for the virus; responds by secreting inflammatory mediators
(to attract other cells) perforin/granzyme or interacting with Fas/FasL to trigger apoptosis
Class II MHC—ANSWER-are on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including B
cells
- trigger CD4+ T cells, which recruit CD8+ cytotoxic T cells
PKU—ANSWER-deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase
- supplementation of TYROSINE is required for synthesis of catecholamines (norepinephrine,
epinephrine & dopamine)
leuprolide—ANSWER-GnRH agonist used for the treatment of prostate cancer
- decreased LH & testosterone release
production of progesterone during pregnancy—ANSWER-- first 7-10 weeks: CORPUS
LUTEUM (stimulating by hCG from placenta)
Answers 100% PASS
difference b/w Kwashiorkor & Marasmus—ANSWER-- kwashiorkor (edematous
malnutrition): marasmus PLUS EDEMA
- marasmus (WASTING SYNDROME): skin lesions, fatty liver, acute protein-energy
malnutrition with decreased arm circumference, weight per length or BMI
deformation—ANSWER-disruption in organ morphogenesis occurring AFTER embryonic
period; extrinsic force limits normal organ development
vascular changes in chronic HTN—ANSWER-- hyaline arteriolosclerosis: protein deposition in
vessel walls
- hyperplastic arteriosclerosis (arteriolitis): concentric thickening of vessel wall w/ laminar
appearance caused by proliferation of smooth muscle cells
- commonly affects renal arterioles
Nodular glomerulosclerosis—ANSWER-assoc w/ diabetic nephropathy & amyloidosis
,supraoptic nucleus—ANSWER-responsible for ADH secretion from pituitary & urine
concentration
anterior hypothalamic nucleus—ANSWER-thermoregulation (cooling)
arcuate hypothalamic nucleus—ANSWER-appetite stimulation
dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus—ANSWER-regulation of feeding & circadian rhythm
lateral hypothalamic nucleus—ANSWER-promotes appetite (GHRELIN)
posterior hypothalamic nucleus—ANSWER-thermoregulating (heating)
ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus—ANSWER-satiety (LEPTIN)
osteopetrosis—ANSWER-excessive mineralization of bone & failure of osteoclastic
resorption
- mutation in macrophage colony stimulating factor
achondroplasia—ANSWER-human dwarfism
- AD mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene
porphyria cutanea tarda—ANSWER-severe cutaneous photosensitivity with blistering &
hyperpigmentation after exposure to sunlight
- decreased activity of uroporphyringoen decarboxylase enzyme in the production of HEME
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law, Copyrighted By Brittie Donald
, CD8+ T lymphocytes—ANSWER-responsible for CLEARING a virus
- class I MHC receptors present a virus to CD8+ T cell on an APC
- CD8+ T cell has a specific TCR for the virus; responds by secreting inflammatory mediators
(to attract other cells) perforin/granzyme or interacting with Fas/FasL to trigger apoptosis
Class II MHC—ANSWER-are on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including B
cells
- trigger CD4+ T cells, which recruit CD8+ cytotoxic T cells
PKU—ANSWER-deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase
- supplementation of TYROSINE is required for synthesis of catecholamines (norepinephrine,
epinephrine & dopamine)
leuprolide—ANSWER-GnRH agonist used for the treatment of prostate cancer
- decreased LH & testosterone release
production of progesterone during pregnancy—ANSWER-- first 7-10 weeks: CORPUS
LUTEUM (stimulating by hCG from placenta)
