Pathophysiology exam 2
A 70-year-old female is in the hospital for pelvic fracture. She develops
pulmonary thromboembolism. The nurse realizes this embolus is composed of: -
ANSWER✔✔ blood clot
Which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing pulmonary
embolism (PE)? - ANSWER✔✔ 72-year-old male who is recovering from hip
replacement surgery in the hospital
An 80-year-old female is in the hospital for a bone fracture. While there she
develops a large, nonlethal pulmonary embolus. Which of the following is a
direct result of the obstruction to pulmonary blood flow? - ANSWER✔✔
Pulmonary hypertenison
Significant obstruction of the pulmonary vasculature leads to increased
pulmonary artery pressures (pulmonary hypertension).
When a patient has a massive pulmonary embolism (PE), what complications
will the nurse monitor for? - ANSWER✔✔ Shock and death
A massive PE will lead to shock and death.
A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the
following symptoms most likely occurred before treatment? - ANSWER✔✔
,Chest pain and shortness of breath
An individual with PE usually presents with the sudden onset of pleuritic chest
pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, and unexplained anxiety.
A 60-year-old male undergoes surgery for a bone fracture. Which of the
following nursing measures would be most effective for preventing pulmonary
embolism (PE) in this patient? - ANSWER✔✔ Prevent deep vein thrombosis
formation
PE most commonly results from embolization of a clot from deep venous
thrombosis (DVT) involving the lower leg; thus preventing these will help prevent
pulmonary emboli.
A 50-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking was diagnosed with lung
cancer. He was previously exposed to air pollution, asbestos, and radiation at
his job. Which of the following should the nurse realize had the greatest impact
on the development of his cancer? - ANSWER✔✔ Cigarette smoking
The most common cause of lung cancer is tobacco smoking.
A 60-year-old male with a 40-year history of smoking presents with chest pain,
cough, sputum production, and pneumonia. Tests reveal widespread metastatic
cancer, and the primary care provider plans radiation therapy. Which of
following is the most likely type of cancer to be documented on the chart? -
ANSWER✔✔ Non-small cell carcinoma
For individuals with non-small cell carcinoma, adjunctive radiation and
chemotherapy may improve outcomes.
,Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in pulmonary
embolism (PE)? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER✔✔Chest pain
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Fever
Hemoptysis
Which of the following are characteristic of idiopathic pulmonary arterial
hypertension (IPAH)? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER✔✔Fatigue
Dyspnea
Jugular vein distension
A nurse is monitoring a patient for pulmonary hypertension. Which mean
pulmonary artery pressure reading will indicate to the nurse that pulmonary
hypertension is occurring? Pulmonary artery pressure above _____ mm Hg. -
ANSWER✔✔ 25
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in
which of the following fluid compartments? - ANSWER✔✔Intravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is
ICF? - ANSWER✔✔ 42 L- the total volume of body water for a 70 kg person is
about 42 L (60%)
, While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are
at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they have a(n): -
ANSWER✔✔ decreased muscle mass
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a decreased oncotic
pressure in the capillaries? A patient with: - ANSWER✔✔ liver failure
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by: -
ANSWER✔✔ osmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid
movement. Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into
the interstitial space? - ANSWER✔✔ Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle
of water balance is closely related to _____ balance. - ANSWER✔✔ Sodium
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the
following is the most likely cause of this condition? - ANSWER✔✔Increased
capillary hydrostatic pressure
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he is
incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from
cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as: - ANSWER✔✔localized
edema
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which
information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by: -
ANSWER✔✔increased plasma osmolality
A 70-year-old female is in the hospital for pelvic fracture. She develops
pulmonary thromboembolism. The nurse realizes this embolus is composed of: -
ANSWER✔✔ blood clot
Which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing pulmonary
embolism (PE)? - ANSWER✔✔ 72-year-old male who is recovering from hip
replacement surgery in the hospital
An 80-year-old female is in the hospital for a bone fracture. While there she
develops a large, nonlethal pulmonary embolus. Which of the following is a
direct result of the obstruction to pulmonary blood flow? - ANSWER✔✔
Pulmonary hypertenison
Significant obstruction of the pulmonary vasculature leads to increased
pulmonary artery pressures (pulmonary hypertension).
When a patient has a massive pulmonary embolism (PE), what complications
will the nurse monitor for? - ANSWER✔✔ Shock and death
A massive PE will lead to shock and death.
A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the
following symptoms most likely occurred before treatment? - ANSWER✔✔
,Chest pain and shortness of breath
An individual with PE usually presents with the sudden onset of pleuritic chest
pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, and unexplained anxiety.
A 60-year-old male undergoes surgery for a bone fracture. Which of the
following nursing measures would be most effective for preventing pulmonary
embolism (PE) in this patient? - ANSWER✔✔ Prevent deep vein thrombosis
formation
PE most commonly results from embolization of a clot from deep venous
thrombosis (DVT) involving the lower leg; thus preventing these will help prevent
pulmonary emboli.
A 50-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking was diagnosed with lung
cancer. He was previously exposed to air pollution, asbestos, and radiation at
his job. Which of the following should the nurse realize had the greatest impact
on the development of his cancer? - ANSWER✔✔ Cigarette smoking
The most common cause of lung cancer is tobacco smoking.
A 60-year-old male with a 40-year history of smoking presents with chest pain,
cough, sputum production, and pneumonia. Tests reveal widespread metastatic
cancer, and the primary care provider plans radiation therapy. Which of
following is the most likely type of cancer to be documented on the chart? -
ANSWER✔✔ Non-small cell carcinoma
For individuals with non-small cell carcinoma, adjunctive radiation and
chemotherapy may improve outcomes.
,Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in pulmonary
embolism (PE)? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER✔✔Chest pain
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Fever
Hemoptysis
Which of the following are characteristic of idiopathic pulmonary arterial
hypertension (IPAH)? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER✔✔Fatigue
Dyspnea
Jugular vein distension
A nurse is monitoring a patient for pulmonary hypertension. Which mean
pulmonary artery pressure reading will indicate to the nurse that pulmonary
hypertension is occurring? Pulmonary artery pressure above _____ mm Hg. -
ANSWER✔✔ 25
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in
which of the following fluid compartments? - ANSWER✔✔Intravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is
ICF? - ANSWER✔✔ 42 L- the total volume of body water for a 70 kg person is
about 42 L (60%)
, While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are
at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they have a(n): -
ANSWER✔✔ decreased muscle mass
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a decreased oncotic
pressure in the capillaries? A patient with: - ANSWER✔✔ liver failure
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by: -
ANSWER✔✔ osmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid
movement. Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into
the interstitial space? - ANSWER✔✔ Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle
of water balance is closely related to _____ balance. - ANSWER✔✔ Sodium
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the
following is the most likely cause of this condition? - ANSWER✔✔Increased
capillary hydrostatic pressure
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he is
incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from
cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as: - ANSWER✔✔localized
edema
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which
information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by: -
ANSWER✔✔increased plasma osmolality
