CVP BASIC EXAM 2026 ULTIMATE PREP
GUIDE WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
◉ S/S of Pneumothorax. Answer: Acute Dyspnea
Pt. will have a MOI that caused this
May collapse a lung
Acute Pleuritic Chest Pain
Hypoxemia
Absent or Diminished Breath Sounds
Hyper-Resonant Mediate Percussion
Decreased Tactile Fremitus
Tracheal Deviation away from side of collapse
Ex: R lung collapses, trachea deviates to left
SOB/Difficulty breathing
◉ S/S of Pneumonia. Answer: Dyspnea
Cough
Pleuritic Chest Pain
Fever
Hypoxemia
,◉ S/S of Emphysema. Answer: Dyspnea, cough
Use of accessory muscles, pursed-lipped breathing
Barrel chest, digital clubbing
Decreased breath sounds
Impaired PFTs of Expiratory Ventilation
FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75
Decreased V/Q matching & diffusing capacity
Hypoxemia & Hypercapnia
◉ S/S of Pulmonary Edema. Answer: Severe Dyspnea
Anxiety
Tachypnea
Crackles
Coughing
Hypoxemia
◉ Hierarchy of Interventions to Improve Ventilation, Airway
Clearance, and Oxygenation. Answer: 1. Mobilization and exercise
2. Body positioning
3. Breathing control maneuvers
4. Coughing maneuvers
5. Relaxation and energy-conservation interventions
6. ROM exercises
7. Postural drainage positioning
,8. Manual techniques
9. Suctioning
◉ What are the major types of restrictive lung disorders?. Answer:
Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis
Atelectasis
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary Edema
Pulmonary embolus
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
◉ What are the major types of obstructive lung disorders?. Answer:
COPD
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Asthma
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis
◉ What is the pathway of airflow?. Answer: Nose/mouth, trachea,
bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
◉ What are the inspiratory muscles?. Answer: Diaphragm
, External intercostals
Accessory muscles - scalene muscles
◉ What are the expiratory muscles?. Answer: At rest - passive
During exercise - abdominals push diaphragm up, internal intercostals
pull ribs down
◉ What are the 3 components of the respirator center?. Answer:
Medullary Rhythmicity Area
Pneumotaxic Area
Apeustic Area
◉ Describe the medullary rhythmicity area. Answer:
Inspiratory/expiratory components
Maintains basic rhythm
Has intrinsic excitability
Inspiratory neurons: receive impulse and stimulate muscles of
inspiration and inhibit exhalation
◉ Describe the pneumotaxic area. Answer: Sends inhibitory impulses
to inspiratory neurons
Limits depth of inspiration and stimulates expiration
Overrides the apneustic area to prevent blow out of lungs
GUIDE WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
◉ S/S of Pneumothorax. Answer: Acute Dyspnea
Pt. will have a MOI that caused this
May collapse a lung
Acute Pleuritic Chest Pain
Hypoxemia
Absent or Diminished Breath Sounds
Hyper-Resonant Mediate Percussion
Decreased Tactile Fremitus
Tracheal Deviation away from side of collapse
Ex: R lung collapses, trachea deviates to left
SOB/Difficulty breathing
◉ S/S of Pneumonia. Answer: Dyspnea
Cough
Pleuritic Chest Pain
Fever
Hypoxemia
,◉ S/S of Emphysema. Answer: Dyspnea, cough
Use of accessory muscles, pursed-lipped breathing
Barrel chest, digital clubbing
Decreased breath sounds
Impaired PFTs of Expiratory Ventilation
FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75
Decreased V/Q matching & diffusing capacity
Hypoxemia & Hypercapnia
◉ S/S of Pulmonary Edema. Answer: Severe Dyspnea
Anxiety
Tachypnea
Crackles
Coughing
Hypoxemia
◉ Hierarchy of Interventions to Improve Ventilation, Airway
Clearance, and Oxygenation. Answer: 1. Mobilization and exercise
2. Body positioning
3. Breathing control maneuvers
4. Coughing maneuvers
5. Relaxation and energy-conservation interventions
6. ROM exercises
7. Postural drainage positioning
,8. Manual techniques
9. Suctioning
◉ What are the major types of restrictive lung disorders?. Answer:
Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis
Atelectasis
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary Edema
Pulmonary embolus
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
◉ What are the major types of obstructive lung disorders?. Answer:
COPD
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Asthma
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis
◉ What is the pathway of airflow?. Answer: Nose/mouth, trachea,
bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
◉ What are the inspiratory muscles?. Answer: Diaphragm
, External intercostals
Accessory muscles - scalene muscles
◉ What are the expiratory muscles?. Answer: At rest - passive
During exercise - abdominals push diaphragm up, internal intercostals
pull ribs down
◉ What are the 3 components of the respirator center?. Answer:
Medullary Rhythmicity Area
Pneumotaxic Area
Apeustic Area
◉ Describe the medullary rhythmicity area. Answer:
Inspiratory/expiratory components
Maintains basic rhythm
Has intrinsic excitability
Inspiratory neurons: receive impulse and stimulate muscles of
inspiration and inhibit exhalation
◉ Describe the pneumotaxic area. Answer: Sends inhibitory impulses
to inspiratory neurons
Limits depth of inspiration and stimulates expiration
Overrides the apneustic area to prevent blow out of lungs
