Bio 1201 Exam 1 questions wit answers
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
light microscope
|\
visible light is passed through a specimen and then
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
through glass lenses
|\ |\
Magnification
the ratio of an object's image to its real size
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Resolution
the measure of the clarity of the image, or the minimum
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
distance of two distinguishable points
|\ |\ |\ |\
Contrast
visible differences in brightness between parts of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
sample, low contrast is less bc more darkness
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Organelles
,the membrane-enclosed structures in eukaryotic cells
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Electron microscopes (EM) |\ |\
two basic types of EM are used to study subcellular
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
structures
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
|\ |\ |\
focus a beam of electrons onto the surface of a specimen,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
providing images that look 3-D
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Transmission electron microscope (TEM) |\ |\ |\
focus a beam of electrons through a specimen
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Cell fractionation
|\
takes cells apart and separates the major organelles from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
one another to study them on their own
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Basic features of all cells
|\ |\ |\ |\
,- Plasma membrane
|\ |\
- semifluid substance called cytosol
|\ |\ |\ |\
- chromosomes (carry genes)
|\ |\ |\
- ribosomes (make proteins)
|\ |\ |\
Cytosol
semifluid substance |\
Prokaryotic cells |\
- no nucleus
|\ |\
- nucleoid
|\
- no membrane-bound organelles
|\ |\ |\
- cytoplasm
|\
Nucleoid
DNA in an unbound region
|\ |\ |\ |\
Cytoplasm
, bound by the plasma membrane
|\ |\ |\ |\
Prokaryotic cell |\
Eukaryotic cells |\
DNA in a nucleus bounded by a double membrane
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
membrane-bound organelles |\
cytoplasm
Plasma membrane |\
a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the volume of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
every cell; lets certain things in and out
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Plasma membrane |\
Eukaryotic cells |\
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
light microscope
|\
visible light is passed through a specimen and then
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
through glass lenses
|\ |\
Magnification
the ratio of an object's image to its real size
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Resolution
the measure of the clarity of the image, or the minimum
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
distance of two distinguishable points
|\ |\ |\ |\
Contrast
visible differences in brightness between parts of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
sample, low contrast is less bc more darkness
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Organelles
,the membrane-enclosed structures in eukaryotic cells
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Electron microscopes (EM) |\ |\
two basic types of EM are used to study subcellular
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
structures
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
|\ |\ |\
focus a beam of electrons onto the surface of a specimen,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
providing images that look 3-D
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Transmission electron microscope (TEM) |\ |\ |\
focus a beam of electrons through a specimen
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Cell fractionation
|\
takes cells apart and separates the major organelles from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
one another to study them on their own
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Basic features of all cells
|\ |\ |\ |\
,- Plasma membrane
|\ |\
- semifluid substance called cytosol
|\ |\ |\ |\
- chromosomes (carry genes)
|\ |\ |\
- ribosomes (make proteins)
|\ |\ |\
Cytosol
semifluid substance |\
Prokaryotic cells |\
- no nucleus
|\ |\
- nucleoid
|\
- no membrane-bound organelles
|\ |\ |\
- cytoplasm
|\
Nucleoid
DNA in an unbound region
|\ |\ |\ |\
Cytoplasm
, bound by the plasma membrane
|\ |\ |\ |\
Prokaryotic cell |\
Eukaryotic cells |\
DNA in a nucleus bounded by a double membrane
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
membrane-bound organelles |\
cytoplasm
Plasma membrane |\
a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the volume of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
every cell; lets certain things in and out
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Plasma membrane |\
Eukaryotic cells |\
