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In which direction should a chain saw operator move if he or she loses control of the tree
while felling?
a. 45 degrees to either side of a line opposite to the intended direction of fall
b. In a line opposite to the intended direction of fall
c. In a line perpendicular to the intended direction of fall
d. Along the intended direction of the fall - ANSWER A: If a chain saw operator loses
control of the tree while felling, he or she should move along a line 45-degrees to either side
of a line opposite to the intended direction of the fall. Moreover, there should not be any
other people in the area immediately behind the tree. Many arborists keep felling wedges
on hand while the back cut is being made. If necessary, these wedges can be useful for
keeping the tree from pinching the bar of the chain saw. Arborists can also use felling wages
to begin and control the fall.
On which side of a tree should workers stand while limbing or bucking?
a. The right side of the tree
b. The left side of the tree
c. Uphill from the tree
1
,d. Downhill from the tree - ANSWER C: Workers should stand uphill from the tree
while limbing or bucking. This is to prevent the tree from rolling over on the worker. In some
cases, the arborist will need to use a wedge or a block to keep the tree from moving. When
multiple workers are limbing or bucking the same tree at the same time, they need to be in
constant communication, and should have a pre-established system for approaching or
alerting one another. Limbing is the process of cutting the side branches off a tree that has
been felled. Bucking is the process of cutting a tree trunk or log into shorter sections that are
easier to manipulate.
Groups of different plants that need roughly the same amount of water are called
a. hydrozones
b. aquasets.
C. drought zones.
d. xeriscapes. - ANSWER A: Groups of different plants that need roughly the same
amount of water are called hydrozones. Arborists often arrange trees in hydrozones so that
watering is easier and less confusing. In addition, when there are variations in elevation at a
particular site, the arborist may place trees that need more water at the higher elevations,
so that the trees downhill can subsist entirely on the runoff from the water applied to the
higher trees.
What is the goal of integrated pest management?
a. To introduce species that prey on pests
b. To promote insect populations
C. To eradicate pests
2
,d. To maintain a tolerable level of pest damage - ANSWER D: The goal of integrated
pest management is to maintain a tolerable level of pest damage. Integrated pest
management was originally devised as an alternative to a reliance on pesticides. It
recommends a holistic approach to pest control, which may include limited use of pesticides.
More importantly, however, integrated pest management strategies create as little of a
disturbance to the preexisting environment as possible and prioritize limiting collateral
damage to the non-target organisms (most notably, people).
Which of the following cuts is used in topping?
a. Thinning cut
b. Reduction cut
C. Heading cut
d. Pruning cut - ANSWER C: Heading cuts are used in topping. Topping is an almost
universally scorned form of pruning in which the top of the tree is lopped off to a certain
height. Besides being aesthetically unpleasant, topping has a number of negative
consequences for trees. First, topping drastically reduces the volume of the leaf crown,
which makes it extremely difficult for the tree to produce enough food. Topping also makes
the tree more susceptible to sun damage, disease, and insect infestation. Finally, topping
encourages the growth of numerous weak sprouts from the top of the tree. These water
sprouts, as they are known, can put a significant burden on the tree's already-taxed
nutritional resources.
Which of the following is NOT a common part of a biological control strategy for pests?
a. Poison
b. Parasites
3
, c. Predators
d. Pathogens - ANSWER A: Poison is not a common part of a biological control
strategy for pests. In a biological control strategy, the arborist enlists the support of a pest's
natural enemies, whether they are predators, parasites, or pathogens. The strategy will take
one of three forms: introduction, conservation, or augmentation. That is, the controlling
agent may be introduced to the environment so that it can reduce the population of the
pest; the existing population of controlling agents may be supported; or the existing
population of controlling agents may be supplemented with organisms from the lab or other
natural environments. There is an obvious appeal to the idea of using natural means to
handle pests, but biological control strategies often are slow and require a great deal of
oversight. Moreover, it can be difficult to undo the effects of a biological control strategy.
What is the name for a large, irregularly shaped area of dead tissue on a leaf?
a. Dieback
b. Leaf blotch
C. Scorch
d. Gummosis - ANSWER B: A leaf blotch is a large, irregularly shaped area of dead
tissue on a leaf. Blotches are typically caused by dryness, frost, fungus, chemical spray,
sunscald, or insects. Dieback is the gradual death of leaves and twigs, progressing from the
tip back towards the base. It is generally the result of specific nutrient imbalances, air
pollution, vascular disease, or root damage. Scorch occurs when leaves turn brown and black
and when areas around the leaf edges and margins die. Gummosis is oozing gum or sap
from wounds or other openings in the bark.
What is the name of the technique used to keep nuts from backing off in a tree-bracing
operation?
4
In which direction should a chain saw operator move if he or she loses control of the tree
while felling?
a. 45 degrees to either side of a line opposite to the intended direction of fall
b. In a line opposite to the intended direction of fall
c. In a line perpendicular to the intended direction of fall
d. Along the intended direction of the fall - ANSWER A: If a chain saw operator loses
control of the tree while felling, he or she should move along a line 45-degrees to either side
of a line opposite to the intended direction of the fall. Moreover, there should not be any
other people in the area immediately behind the tree. Many arborists keep felling wedges
on hand while the back cut is being made. If necessary, these wedges can be useful for
keeping the tree from pinching the bar of the chain saw. Arborists can also use felling wages
to begin and control the fall.
On which side of a tree should workers stand while limbing or bucking?
a. The right side of the tree
b. The left side of the tree
c. Uphill from the tree
1
,d. Downhill from the tree - ANSWER C: Workers should stand uphill from the tree
while limbing or bucking. This is to prevent the tree from rolling over on the worker. In some
cases, the arborist will need to use a wedge or a block to keep the tree from moving. When
multiple workers are limbing or bucking the same tree at the same time, they need to be in
constant communication, and should have a pre-established system for approaching or
alerting one another. Limbing is the process of cutting the side branches off a tree that has
been felled. Bucking is the process of cutting a tree trunk or log into shorter sections that are
easier to manipulate.
Groups of different plants that need roughly the same amount of water are called
a. hydrozones
b. aquasets.
C. drought zones.
d. xeriscapes. - ANSWER A: Groups of different plants that need roughly the same
amount of water are called hydrozones. Arborists often arrange trees in hydrozones so that
watering is easier and less confusing. In addition, when there are variations in elevation at a
particular site, the arborist may place trees that need more water at the higher elevations,
so that the trees downhill can subsist entirely on the runoff from the water applied to the
higher trees.
What is the goal of integrated pest management?
a. To introduce species that prey on pests
b. To promote insect populations
C. To eradicate pests
2
,d. To maintain a tolerable level of pest damage - ANSWER D: The goal of integrated
pest management is to maintain a tolerable level of pest damage. Integrated pest
management was originally devised as an alternative to a reliance on pesticides. It
recommends a holistic approach to pest control, which may include limited use of pesticides.
More importantly, however, integrated pest management strategies create as little of a
disturbance to the preexisting environment as possible and prioritize limiting collateral
damage to the non-target organisms (most notably, people).
Which of the following cuts is used in topping?
a. Thinning cut
b. Reduction cut
C. Heading cut
d. Pruning cut - ANSWER C: Heading cuts are used in topping. Topping is an almost
universally scorned form of pruning in which the top of the tree is lopped off to a certain
height. Besides being aesthetically unpleasant, topping has a number of negative
consequences for trees. First, topping drastically reduces the volume of the leaf crown,
which makes it extremely difficult for the tree to produce enough food. Topping also makes
the tree more susceptible to sun damage, disease, and insect infestation. Finally, topping
encourages the growth of numerous weak sprouts from the top of the tree. These water
sprouts, as they are known, can put a significant burden on the tree's already-taxed
nutritional resources.
Which of the following is NOT a common part of a biological control strategy for pests?
a. Poison
b. Parasites
3
, c. Predators
d. Pathogens - ANSWER A: Poison is not a common part of a biological control
strategy for pests. In a biological control strategy, the arborist enlists the support of a pest's
natural enemies, whether they are predators, parasites, or pathogens. The strategy will take
one of three forms: introduction, conservation, or augmentation. That is, the controlling
agent may be introduced to the environment so that it can reduce the population of the
pest; the existing population of controlling agents may be supported; or the existing
population of controlling agents may be supplemented with organisms from the lab or other
natural environments. There is an obvious appeal to the idea of using natural means to
handle pests, but biological control strategies often are slow and require a great deal of
oversight. Moreover, it can be difficult to undo the effects of a biological control strategy.
What is the name for a large, irregularly shaped area of dead tissue on a leaf?
a. Dieback
b. Leaf blotch
C. Scorch
d. Gummosis - ANSWER B: A leaf blotch is a large, irregularly shaped area of dead
tissue on a leaf. Blotches are typically caused by dryness, frost, fungus, chemical spray,
sunscald, or insects. Dieback is the gradual death of leaves and twigs, progressing from the
tip back towards the base. It is generally the result of specific nutrient imbalances, air
pollution, vascular disease, or root damage. Scorch occurs when leaves turn brown and black
and when areas around the leaf edges and margins die. Gummosis is oozing gum or sap
from wounds or other openings in the bark.
What is the name of the technique used to keep nuts from backing off in a tree-bracing
operation?
4
