SOLUTION MANUAL
,Table of contents
1. Euclidean Vector Spaces
2. Systems of Linear Equations
3. Matrices, Linear Mappinḡs, and Inverses
4. Vector Spaces
5. Determinants
6. Eiḡenvectors and Diaḡonaliẓation
7. Inner Products and Projections
8. Symmetric Matrices and Quadratic Forms
9. Complex Vector Spaces
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CHAPTER 1 Euclidean Vector Spaces
1.1 Vectors in R2 and R3
Practice Problems
1 2 1+2 3 3 4 3−4 −1
A1 (a) + = = (b) − = =
4 3 4+3 7 2 1 2−1 1
x2
1 2
1 4 3 3
3 4 2
4 4
2 1
3
4
x1
−1 3(−1) −3 2 3 4 6 −2
(c) 3 = = (d) 2 −2 = − =
4 3(4) 12 1 −1 2 −2 4
3 2 3
4 2
1
3 2 2
1 2
1
4 x1
3
x1
4 −1 4 + (−1) 3 −3 −2 −3 − (−2) −1
A2 (a) −2 + 3 = −2 + 3 = 1 (b) −4 − 5 = −4 − 5 = −9
3 (−2)3 −6
(c) −2 = = (d)
2 1
+ 13
4
=
1
+
4/3
=
7/3
−2 (−2)(−2) 4 6 2 3 3 1 4
√
3 1/4 2 1/2 3/2 √ 2 1 2 3 5
(e) 2
3 1 − 2 1/3 = 2/3 − 2/3 = 0 (f) 2 √ + 3 √6 = √6 + 3 √6 = 4 √6
3
Copyriḡht ⃝c 2013 Pearson Canada Inc.
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2 Chapter 1 Euclidean Vector Spaces
⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡
⎥⎡ 2⎥ ⎥ 5
⎥
⎡
2–5 ⎥–3 ⎥
⎡ = 2
3 – ⎥ 1 = ⎥
A3 (a) ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ 3 – 1 ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡
4 – 4 – (–2) 6
⎡
2
⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡
2
⎥ ⎥ ⎥– ⎡⎡⎥ 2 + (–3) ⎥ –1 ⎥
⎡ ⎥⎡ = 2
3⎥
(b) ⎥ 1 ⎥ + ⎥ 1 ⎥ = ⎥ 1 + 1 ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡
–6 – –6 + (– –10
⎡ ⎡
4 4)
⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡
⎥ 4⎥ ⎡⎥ (–6)4 ⎡ ⎥ ⎥
(c) –6 ⎥–5 ⎥ = ⎥(–6)(–5)⎥ = ⎥–24 30 ⎥⎥
⎡ ⎦
⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡
–6 (–6)(– 36
⎡
6)
⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡
⎥⎡–5 ⎥ ⎥ ⎥–1 ⎥⎡– ⎥ ⎥
(d) –2 ⎥ 1 ⎥ + 3 ⎥ 0 ⎥ = ⎥–2⎥ + ⎥ 0 ⎥ = ⎥–2⎥
⎡10 ⎡ ⎡
⎡⎥⎥⎡ 3 ⎥⎡ 7
⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡
1 –1 – – –5
⎡ ⎡
2 3
⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡
⎥ 2/3⎥ 1 ⎡3⎡ ⎥ 4/3 ⎥1 ⎥ 7/3 ⎥
⎡
(e) 2 ⎥–1/3⎥ + 3 ⎢⎥–2⎥ ⎥ =⎥ ⎡ –2/3⎥ + ⎥⎡⎡–2/3⎥ = ⎥–4/3⎥
⎡ ⎥
⎡⎡
⎡⎡ ⎡⎡ ⎡ ⎡⎡ ⎡⎡ ⎡⎡ ⎡⎡
2 1 4 13/3
⎡ ⎡⎡ ⎡⎡
1/3
⎡ ⎡, ⎡
⎡⎡ ⎥ – ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ 2 – π⎡
⎥ ⎥1 ⎡ ⎡
, ⎡ ⎥⎡ –
, 1 ⎡⎡ ,2 ⎥ π ⎥
(f) 2⎥1⎥ + π ⎥ 0 ⎥ = ⎥ 2⎡⎥ + ⎥ 0 ⎥ = ⎥ , ⎥
⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡⎡ ⎡ ⎡⎡ , 2 ⎡⎡
1 1 π 2 +π
⎡ , ⎡ ⎡
2
⎡ ⎡ ⎡
⎡⎥
2 ⎡⎥
6 –4
⎡ ⎡ ⎥
⎡
⎥ ⎥ ⎥
A4 (a) 2˜v – 3 w̃ = ⎥ 4 ⎥ – ⎥–3⎥ = ⎥ 7 ⎥
⎡ ⎡ ⎡ 9 ⎡ ⎡–13⎡
–4
⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡
⎡⎡ ⎡ 4 ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡
⎥ 1
⎥⎡ ⎥ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥⎡ ⎡⎡ 5 5⎥⎡ ⎥⎡ ⎡⎡– ⎥ ⎥⎡ ⎡⎡–10 ⎥
5 ⎡ ⎡ 5
⎥⎥ ⎥ ⎡ 15⎡ ⎡
(b) –3(˜v + 2 w̃ ) + 5˜v = –3 ⎥⎥ 2 ⎥ + ⎥–2⎥⎥ + ⎥ 10 ⎥ = –3 ⎥0⎥ + ⎥ 10 ⎥ = ⎥ 0 + 10 = 10
⎡⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎥ ⎡ ⎥– ⎥ ⎡
⎥ –22⎥⎡
–2 6 – 4 – –
⎡⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡
10 10 12 10
(c) We have w̃ – 2˜u = 3˜v, so 2˜u = w̃ – 3˜v or ˜u = 12( w̃ – 3˜v). This ḡives
⎡ ⎡⎡ ⎡ ⎡⎡ ⎡ ⎡ ⎡
⎥⎡ ⎥2⎥ ⎥ 3 ⎡⎥⎥⎡ ⎡⎥– ⎥ –1/2 ⎥
1 1
˜u = ⎥⎥–1⎥ – ⎥ 6 ⎥⎥ = ⎡ –7 = –7/2
⎥
1⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
2 ⎡⎡⎡⎡ (d) We have ˜u – 3˜v = 2˜u, so ˜u3= –3˜v =
⎡
⎣ ⎦ 3 ⎡
6
⎥⎡⎡ ⎥ ⎥–6⎥. –
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