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NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
GUARANTEED PASS | NEW
Phases of Inflammation:
Vascular Permeability - Correct Answer-Inflammation stimulates
blood vessel dilation and opening of capillary pores. Capillary pores
allows fluid and cells (WBCs and platelets) to arrive at site of injury.
Phases of Inflammation:
Cellular Chemotaxis - Correct Answer-Chemical signal that calls out
to WBC's to site of injury. Results in leukocytosis, where WBCs are
released from the bone marrow and into the blood stream.
**Doctor is able to analyze the type of WBC and number of WBCs to
determine type and severity of infection.
Phases of Inflammation:
Systemic Responses - Correct Answer-Patient experiences symptoms
such as:
-Fever
-lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
-pain
-sleepiness
-lethargy
-anemia
-weight loss
** Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, TNF-alpha, and
ILs are responsible for many of these effects
Mediators of Inflammation (5) - Correct Answer-1. Cytokines
(Interleukins ILs & TNF-alpha)
-either amplify or deactivate inflammatory response
-stimulate liver to release acute phase proteins
, 2
2. Chemokines
- proteins that attract WBCs to site of injury
3. Acute phase proteins
-Facilitates WBC phagocytosis
-Include: C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, and
hecidin
4. Prostaglandins
5. Pyrogens
What is acute inflammation? - Correct Answer-Short term
inflammatory response that resolves once infection has been resolved.
What is chronic inflammation? - Correct Answer-Ongoing infection
for a long period of time
Ex: TB and autoimmune diseases
Stages of Infection (5) - Correct Answer-1. Incubation Period (no
identifiable symptoms)
2. Prodromal Stage (initial appearance of symptoms- MOST
CONTAGIOUS
3. Acute stage (full infectious experience)
4. Convalescent (body fighting back, start to feel relief)
5. Resolution (Total elimination of infection)
Immunocompetence vs. Immunosuppression - Correct Answer-
Immunocompetence refers to the individuals ability to protect oneself
from infectious agents because of a strong immune system.
Immunosuppression indicates a defective immune system that places
person at higher risk for infection.
Portals of Entry (4) - Correct Answer-1. Skin
2. Respiratory
3. GI tract
4. Urogenital tracts
, 3
Atrophy - Correct Answer-"Shrinking"
When cells cant meet metabolic requirements, they shrink to decrease
the demand and increase efficiency.
Metaplasia - Correct Answer--Replacement of one cell by another cell
type
-Generally occurs in response to chronic inflammation
to enable tissue survival
Role of pyrogens in fever - Correct Answer-Activate Prostaglandins
to reset the hypothalamic temperature-regulating center to a higher
level
Apoptosis - Correct Answer-Genetically programmed death on cells
that has no adverse effects on body
Antibody titer - Correct Answer-Level of antibody in the bloodstream
and corresponds to the level of exposure to the microbe
What is the first Ig (immunoglobin) to rise during infection? - Correct
Answer-IgM
Innate immunity is? - Correct Answer-1st line of defense against
infection
Nonspecific mechanism that defends the body immediately against all
types of pathogens
Passive-acquired adaptive immunity - Correct Answer--Individual
given pre made, fully formed antibodies against an antigen
-Provides immediate but short term immunity.
Ex: Infant acquiring antibodies in breast milk
Active acquired adaptive immunity - Correct Answer-Longer lasting
immunity than passive-acquired adaptive immunity but not
permanent.
Ex: Vaccine
NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
GUARANTEED PASS | NEW
Phases of Inflammation:
Vascular Permeability - Correct Answer-Inflammation stimulates
blood vessel dilation and opening of capillary pores. Capillary pores
allows fluid and cells (WBCs and platelets) to arrive at site of injury.
Phases of Inflammation:
Cellular Chemotaxis - Correct Answer-Chemical signal that calls out
to WBC's to site of injury. Results in leukocytosis, where WBCs are
released from the bone marrow and into the blood stream.
**Doctor is able to analyze the type of WBC and number of WBCs to
determine type and severity of infection.
Phases of Inflammation:
Systemic Responses - Correct Answer-Patient experiences symptoms
such as:
-Fever
-lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
-pain
-sleepiness
-lethargy
-anemia
-weight loss
** Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, TNF-alpha, and
ILs are responsible for many of these effects
Mediators of Inflammation (5) - Correct Answer-1. Cytokines
(Interleukins ILs & TNF-alpha)
-either amplify or deactivate inflammatory response
-stimulate liver to release acute phase proteins
, 2
2. Chemokines
- proteins that attract WBCs to site of injury
3. Acute phase proteins
-Facilitates WBC phagocytosis
-Include: C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, and
hecidin
4. Prostaglandins
5. Pyrogens
What is acute inflammation? - Correct Answer-Short term
inflammatory response that resolves once infection has been resolved.
What is chronic inflammation? - Correct Answer-Ongoing infection
for a long period of time
Ex: TB and autoimmune diseases
Stages of Infection (5) - Correct Answer-1. Incubation Period (no
identifiable symptoms)
2. Prodromal Stage (initial appearance of symptoms- MOST
CONTAGIOUS
3. Acute stage (full infectious experience)
4. Convalescent (body fighting back, start to feel relief)
5. Resolution (Total elimination of infection)
Immunocompetence vs. Immunosuppression - Correct Answer-
Immunocompetence refers to the individuals ability to protect oneself
from infectious agents because of a strong immune system.
Immunosuppression indicates a defective immune system that places
person at higher risk for infection.
Portals of Entry (4) - Correct Answer-1. Skin
2. Respiratory
3. GI tract
4. Urogenital tracts
, 3
Atrophy - Correct Answer-"Shrinking"
When cells cant meet metabolic requirements, they shrink to decrease
the demand and increase efficiency.
Metaplasia - Correct Answer--Replacement of one cell by another cell
type
-Generally occurs in response to chronic inflammation
to enable tissue survival
Role of pyrogens in fever - Correct Answer-Activate Prostaglandins
to reset the hypothalamic temperature-regulating center to a higher
level
Apoptosis - Correct Answer-Genetically programmed death on cells
that has no adverse effects on body
Antibody titer - Correct Answer-Level of antibody in the bloodstream
and corresponds to the level of exposure to the microbe
What is the first Ig (immunoglobin) to rise during infection? - Correct
Answer-IgM
Innate immunity is? - Correct Answer-1st line of defense against
infection
Nonspecific mechanism that defends the body immediately against all
types of pathogens
Passive-acquired adaptive immunity - Correct Answer--Individual
given pre made, fully formed antibodies against an antigen
-Provides immediate but short term immunity.
Ex: Infant acquiring antibodies in breast milk
Active acquired adaptive immunity - Correct Answer-Longer lasting
immunity than passive-acquired adaptive immunity but not
permanent.
Ex: Vaccine
