FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING FINAL EXAM REVIEW AND STUDY GUIDE 150
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2026 LATEST EDITION GUARANTEE A+
GRADE
OVERVIEW
This content reviews foundational nursing knowledge related to the science of nursing, health
promotion, assessment, physiology, and professional practice. It highlights evidence-based
practice concepts such as PICO, the scientific basis of diagnostic preparation, and SBAR
communication. Core health concepts are emphasized, including definitions of health and
illness, levels of prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary), and the broad aims of nursing such
as restoring health. The material also covers key clinical knowledge, including insulin
function, postpartum adaptations, newborn reflexes (rooting, tonic neck, Babinski), BMI
classifications, vital sign changes with pain and anxiety, proper injection technique, and
correct patient identification procedures. Additionally, it reviews medication administration
considerations, abdominal assessment sequence, skin anatomy, historical influences in
nursing, and public health goals such as those outlined in Healthy People 2020. Overall, the
focus is on integrating scientific knowledge, clinical skills, patient safety, and health
promotion across the lifespan.
A nurse is caring for a patient in the ICU who is being monitored for a possible cerebral aneurysm
following a lost of consciousness in the emergency room. The nurse anticipates preparing the pt for
ordered diagnostic tests. This nurse's knowledge of the diagnostic procedures for this condition
reflects which aspect of nursing?
A. The art of nursing
B. The science of nursing
C. The caring aspect of nursing
D. The holistic approach to nursing - correct answer -B. The science of nursing
A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICO format. What does the letterP represent?
A. Comparison to another similar treatment
B. Clearly defined, focused literature review
C. Specific identification of the desired outcome
D. Explicit descriptions of the population of interest - correct answer -D. Explicit descriptions of the
population of interest
,Insulin - correct answer -Removes excess glucose from the blood and stores it as glycogen in the liver.
Which nurse who was influential in the development of nursing in North America is regarded as the
founder of American nursing?
A. Clara Barton
B. Lillian Wald
C. Lavina Dock
D. Florence Nightingale - correct answer -D. Florence Nightingale
The student nurse learns that illnesses are classified as either acute or chronic. Which are examples of
chronic illnesses? Select all that apply.
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Bronchial pneumonia
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Cystic fibrosis
E. Fractured hip
F. Otitis media - correct answer -A, C, & D
World War II had a tremendous effect on the nursing profession. Which development occurred during
this period?
A. The role of the nurse was broadened
B. There was a decreased emphasis on education
C. Nursing was practiced mainly in hospital settings
D. There was an overabundance of nurses - correct answer -A. The role of the nurse was broadened
One of the 4 broad aims of nursing practice is to restore health. Which examples of nursing
interventions reflect this goal? Select all that apply.
A. A nurse counsels adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program
B. A nurse performed ROM exercises for a pt on bedrest
C. A nurse shows a diabetic pt how to inject insulin
,D. A nurse recommends a yoga class for a busy executive
E. A nurse provides hospice care for a pt with end-stage cancer
F. A nurse teaches a nutrition class at a local high school - correct answer -A, B, and C
Postpartum Urinary System Adaptations - correct answer --GFR and renal flow rate increases
-Loss of voiding sensation
-Postpartum diuresis
When the newborn cheek is touched, the cheek turns toward the stimulus - correct answer -Rooting
Overweight BMI - correct answer ->25 mg/dL
How many patient identifiers is required, and what are they? - correct answer -2
Name and date of birth
Pain and anxiety can alter these vital signs - correct answer -HR, RR, and BP
1. A nurse assesses patients in a physician's office who are experiencing different levels of health and
illness. Which statements best define the concepts of health and illness? Select all that apply.
A. Health and illness are the same for all people.
B. Health and illness are individually defined by each person.
C. People with acute illnesses are actually healthy.
D. People with chronic illnesses have poor health beliefs.
E. Health is more than the absence of illness.
F. Illness is the response of a person to a disease. - correct answer -B, E, & F
Method of communication between health care providers about patients (the handoff) - correct
answer -SBAR
, When the newborn's head is turned to one side, the arm on that side is extended out - correct
answer -Tonic neck
True or false: Diarrhea is a common concern postpartum - correct answer -False. Constipation is a
common concern if iron is administered
This is the angle for a subcutaneous injection - correct answer -45 degrees
A nurse has volunteered to give influenza immunizations at a local clinic. What level of care is the
nurse demonstrating?
A. Tertiary
B. Secondary
C. Primary
D. Promotive - correct answer -C. Primary
The outer most layer of the skin - correct answer -Epidermis
First step in the abdominal assessment - correct answer -Inspection
Obesity BMI - correct answer ->30 mg/dL
When the bottom of the foot is stroked upwards, the newborn's toes flare out - correct answer -
Babinski
Health promotion activities may occur on a primary, secondary, or tertiary level. Which activities are
considered tertiary health promotion? Select all that apply.
A. A nurse runs an immunization clinic in the inner city.
B. A nurse teaches a patient with an amputation how to care for the residual limb.
C. A nurse provides range-of-motion exercises for a paralyzed patient.
D. A nurse teaches parents of toddlers how to childproof their homes.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2026 LATEST EDITION GUARANTEE A+
GRADE
OVERVIEW
This content reviews foundational nursing knowledge related to the science of nursing, health
promotion, assessment, physiology, and professional practice. It highlights evidence-based
practice concepts such as PICO, the scientific basis of diagnostic preparation, and SBAR
communication. Core health concepts are emphasized, including definitions of health and
illness, levels of prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary), and the broad aims of nursing such
as restoring health. The material also covers key clinical knowledge, including insulin
function, postpartum adaptations, newborn reflexes (rooting, tonic neck, Babinski), BMI
classifications, vital sign changes with pain and anxiety, proper injection technique, and
correct patient identification procedures. Additionally, it reviews medication administration
considerations, abdominal assessment sequence, skin anatomy, historical influences in
nursing, and public health goals such as those outlined in Healthy People 2020. Overall, the
focus is on integrating scientific knowledge, clinical skills, patient safety, and health
promotion across the lifespan.
A nurse is caring for a patient in the ICU who is being monitored for a possible cerebral aneurysm
following a lost of consciousness in the emergency room. The nurse anticipates preparing the pt for
ordered diagnostic tests. This nurse's knowledge of the diagnostic procedures for this condition
reflects which aspect of nursing?
A. The art of nursing
B. The science of nursing
C. The caring aspect of nursing
D. The holistic approach to nursing - correct answer -B. The science of nursing
A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICO format. What does the letterP represent?
A. Comparison to another similar treatment
B. Clearly defined, focused literature review
C. Specific identification of the desired outcome
D. Explicit descriptions of the population of interest - correct answer -D. Explicit descriptions of the
population of interest
,Insulin - correct answer -Removes excess glucose from the blood and stores it as glycogen in the liver.
Which nurse who was influential in the development of nursing in North America is regarded as the
founder of American nursing?
A. Clara Barton
B. Lillian Wald
C. Lavina Dock
D. Florence Nightingale - correct answer -D. Florence Nightingale
The student nurse learns that illnesses are classified as either acute or chronic. Which are examples of
chronic illnesses? Select all that apply.
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Bronchial pneumonia
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Cystic fibrosis
E. Fractured hip
F. Otitis media - correct answer -A, C, & D
World War II had a tremendous effect on the nursing profession. Which development occurred during
this period?
A. The role of the nurse was broadened
B. There was a decreased emphasis on education
C. Nursing was practiced mainly in hospital settings
D. There was an overabundance of nurses - correct answer -A. The role of the nurse was broadened
One of the 4 broad aims of nursing practice is to restore health. Which examples of nursing
interventions reflect this goal? Select all that apply.
A. A nurse counsels adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program
B. A nurse performed ROM exercises for a pt on bedrest
C. A nurse shows a diabetic pt how to inject insulin
,D. A nurse recommends a yoga class for a busy executive
E. A nurse provides hospice care for a pt with end-stage cancer
F. A nurse teaches a nutrition class at a local high school - correct answer -A, B, and C
Postpartum Urinary System Adaptations - correct answer --GFR and renal flow rate increases
-Loss of voiding sensation
-Postpartum diuresis
When the newborn cheek is touched, the cheek turns toward the stimulus - correct answer -Rooting
Overweight BMI - correct answer ->25 mg/dL
How many patient identifiers is required, and what are they? - correct answer -2
Name and date of birth
Pain and anxiety can alter these vital signs - correct answer -HR, RR, and BP
1. A nurse assesses patients in a physician's office who are experiencing different levels of health and
illness. Which statements best define the concepts of health and illness? Select all that apply.
A. Health and illness are the same for all people.
B. Health and illness are individually defined by each person.
C. People with acute illnesses are actually healthy.
D. People with chronic illnesses have poor health beliefs.
E. Health is more than the absence of illness.
F. Illness is the response of a person to a disease. - correct answer -B, E, & F
Method of communication between health care providers about patients (the handoff) - correct
answer -SBAR
, When the newborn's head is turned to one side, the arm on that side is extended out - correct
answer -Tonic neck
True or false: Diarrhea is a common concern postpartum - correct answer -False. Constipation is a
common concern if iron is administered
This is the angle for a subcutaneous injection - correct answer -45 degrees
A nurse has volunteered to give influenza immunizations at a local clinic. What level of care is the
nurse demonstrating?
A. Tertiary
B. Secondary
C. Primary
D. Promotive - correct answer -C. Primary
The outer most layer of the skin - correct answer -Epidermis
First step in the abdominal assessment - correct answer -Inspection
Obesity BMI - correct answer ->30 mg/dL
When the bottom of the foot is stroked upwards, the newborn's toes flare out - correct answer -
Babinski
Health promotion activities may occur on a primary, secondary, or tertiary level. Which activities are
considered tertiary health promotion? Select all that apply.
A. A nurse runs an immunization clinic in the inner city.
B. A nurse teaches a patient with an amputation how to care for the residual limb.
C. A nurse provides range-of-motion exercises for a paralyzed patient.
D. A nurse teaches parents of toddlers how to childproof their homes.
