Quiz_________________?
(S) Absolute Configuration -
Answer✅
All amino acids (except cysteine) have an (S) absolute configuration
Quiz_________________?
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) and PEP -
Answer✅
High-energy intermediates used to generate ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation
Only ATP gained in anaerobic respiration
Quiz_________________?
2,4-dienoyl-CoA Reductase -
Answer✅
Converts 2 conjugated double bonds to just one double bond at the 3,4 position, where it
will undergo the same rearrangement as monounsaturated fatty acids
Quiz_________________?
1
, 3-Phosphoglycerate Kinase -
Answer✅
Transfers the high-energy phosphate from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP, forming ATP
and 3-phosphoglycerate
Quiz_________________?
3' Poly-A Tail -
Answer✅
Posttranscriptional processing
Polyadenosyl (poly-A) tail is added to the 3' end of the mRNA transcript and protects
message from rapid degradation
Assists with export of mature mRNA from nucleus
Quiz_________________?
5' Cap -
Answer✅
Posttranscriptional processing
a 7-methylguanylate triphosphate cap is added to the 5' end of the hnRNA molecule -
recognized by ribosome as binding sight and protects mRNA from degradation in cytoplasm
Quiz_________________?
A Site -
Answer✅
Holds incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
This is the amino acid being added next
2
, Quiz_________________?
Absorption by Micelles -
Answer✅
Diffuse to brush border of intestinal mucosal cells and then absorbed -> digested lipids pass
through brush border -> absorbed into mucosa -> re-esterified to form triacylglycerols and
cholesteryl esters -> packaged with apoproteins, fat-soluble vitamins, and other lipids into
chylomicrons -> leave intestine via lacteals (vessels of the lymphatic system) -> re-enter
bloodstream via thoracic duct (long lymphatic vessel that empties into left subclavian vein)
Shorter, water-soluble fatty acids can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream
Quiz_________________?
Acetals/Ketals -
Answer✅
Product of reaction between hemiacetals/hemiketals and alcohols
Quiz_________________?
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase -
Answer✅
The rate-limiting step of fatty-acid synthesis
Requires both biotin and ATP to function, and adds CO2 to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-
CoA
Activated by insulin and citrate
Incorporates acetyl-CoA into fatty acids
Quiz_________________?
Acetyl-CoA Shuttling -
3
, Answer✅
Citrate diffuses across the mitochondrial membrane, where citrate lyase splits citrate into
acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate in the cytosol and oxaloacetate returns to the mitochodrion
to continue moving acetyl-CoA
Quiz_________________?
Acetylation of Histone Proteins -
Answer✅
Decreases charge of lysine residues and weakens the interaction of histone with DNA,
which opens up chromatin conformation and allows for easier access of transcriptional
machinery to DNA
Quiz_________________?
Actin (Structural) -
Answer✅
Makes up microfilaments and thin filaments in myofibrils
Most abundant protein in eukaryotic cells
Have + and - sides, allowing unidirectional movement
Quiz_________________?
Activation -
Answer✅
The conversion of a biomolecule to its active or usable form, such as activation of tRNA
with an amino acid or activation of a fatty acid with CoA to form fatty acyl-CoA
Quiz_________________?
4
(S) Absolute Configuration -
Answer✅
All amino acids (except cysteine) have an (S) absolute configuration
Quiz_________________?
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) and PEP -
Answer✅
High-energy intermediates used to generate ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation
Only ATP gained in anaerobic respiration
Quiz_________________?
2,4-dienoyl-CoA Reductase -
Answer✅
Converts 2 conjugated double bonds to just one double bond at the 3,4 position, where it
will undergo the same rearrangement as monounsaturated fatty acids
Quiz_________________?
1
, 3-Phosphoglycerate Kinase -
Answer✅
Transfers the high-energy phosphate from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP, forming ATP
and 3-phosphoglycerate
Quiz_________________?
3' Poly-A Tail -
Answer✅
Posttranscriptional processing
Polyadenosyl (poly-A) tail is added to the 3' end of the mRNA transcript and protects
message from rapid degradation
Assists with export of mature mRNA from nucleus
Quiz_________________?
5' Cap -
Answer✅
Posttranscriptional processing
a 7-methylguanylate triphosphate cap is added to the 5' end of the hnRNA molecule -
recognized by ribosome as binding sight and protects mRNA from degradation in cytoplasm
Quiz_________________?
A Site -
Answer✅
Holds incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
This is the amino acid being added next
2
, Quiz_________________?
Absorption by Micelles -
Answer✅
Diffuse to brush border of intestinal mucosal cells and then absorbed -> digested lipids pass
through brush border -> absorbed into mucosa -> re-esterified to form triacylglycerols and
cholesteryl esters -> packaged with apoproteins, fat-soluble vitamins, and other lipids into
chylomicrons -> leave intestine via lacteals (vessels of the lymphatic system) -> re-enter
bloodstream via thoracic duct (long lymphatic vessel that empties into left subclavian vein)
Shorter, water-soluble fatty acids can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream
Quiz_________________?
Acetals/Ketals -
Answer✅
Product of reaction between hemiacetals/hemiketals and alcohols
Quiz_________________?
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase -
Answer✅
The rate-limiting step of fatty-acid synthesis
Requires both biotin and ATP to function, and adds CO2 to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-
CoA
Activated by insulin and citrate
Incorporates acetyl-CoA into fatty acids
Quiz_________________?
Acetyl-CoA Shuttling -
3
, Answer✅
Citrate diffuses across the mitochondrial membrane, where citrate lyase splits citrate into
acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate in the cytosol and oxaloacetate returns to the mitochodrion
to continue moving acetyl-CoA
Quiz_________________?
Acetylation of Histone Proteins -
Answer✅
Decreases charge of lysine residues and weakens the interaction of histone with DNA,
which opens up chromatin conformation and allows for easier access of transcriptional
machinery to DNA
Quiz_________________?
Actin (Structural) -
Answer✅
Makes up microfilaments and thin filaments in myofibrils
Most abundant protein in eukaryotic cells
Have + and - sides, allowing unidirectional movement
Quiz_________________?
Activation -
Answer✅
The conversion of a biomolecule to its active or usable form, such as activation of tRNA
with an amino acid or activation of a fatty acid with CoA to form fatty acyl-CoA
Quiz_________________?
4
