MCB 461 Exam 1 || 100% Errorless Solutions.
Function of neurons correct answers process and transmit information; sense environmental
changes
Nissl stain correct answers a neural stain that has an affinity for structures in neuron cell bodies
Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) correct answers Acidophilic H stains nucleus, ribosomes, rough
ER
Basophilic E stains cytoplasmic proteins
Silver impregnation/Golgi stain correct answers Silver stains Golgi, reticulum, nerve fibers and
cell borders of the mesothelium dark violet to black.
Golgi postulated continuity hypothesis correct answers neurites of different cells are fused
together to form continuous reticulum
Neuron Doctrine (Ramon y Cajal) correct answers Info stored in the brain results from alteration
in synaptic connections between neurons (neuronal circuit)
Dendrites correct answers dendritic spines are postsynaptic sites that receive signals from axon
terminal
Soma correct answers cell body
nucleus site of transcription
cytoplasm site of translation, modification, regulation
Axon hillock correct answers Where AP fires
Axon proper correct answers middle of axon
Axon terminal correct answers The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are released
Differences bw axon and soma/dendrites correct answers -ER doesn't extend into axon
-Protein composition is unique
Synapse correct answers A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the
next.
-electrical to chemical to electrical transformations
Synaptic transmission dysfunction can cause these disorders correct answers Autism,
Alzheimer's, Epilepsy, Schizophrenia, Addiction, Depression
Excitatory synapses correct answers - dendritic spines
- majority is glutamate
, Inhibitory synapses correct answers - dendritic shafts
- majority GABA
- leads to hyperpolarization of membrane
- membrane potential becomes more negative
- large mitochondria
Classifying neurons based on # of neurites correct answers - Unipolar: single neurite
- Bipolar: 2 neurites
- Multipolar: > 2 neurites
Classifying neurons based on somatic morphologies correct answers - Stellate: star shaped
- Pyramidal: pyramid shaped
- Spiny or Aspinous
Classifying neurons on connections within CNS correct answers primary sensory, motor
neurons, interneurons
Goli Type I vs Golgi Type II neurons correct answers Type I: long axons extend to other part of
brain
Type II: short exons extend in vicinity of cell body
Glia function correct answers - insulates, supports, nourishes neurons
- mediates immune response
radial glia correct answers - guide the migration of neurons and their axons and dendrites during
embryonic development
- pruning
- strengthening connections
myelinating glia correct answers - Oligodendrocytes (in CNS)
- Schwann cells (in PNS)
Insulate axons
Nodes of Ranvier correct answers - gaps in the myelin sheath
- AP travels faster by saltatory conduction
- .5-10 m/s vs 150/200 m/s
- allows cells to fire longer bc less energy required to restore ion conc.
Oligodendrocyte correct answers - make myelin sheaths in CNS using PLP (proteolipid protein)
- Multiple extensions can myelinate up 50 neurons
- White matter of brain is myelinated neurons
Schwann Cell correct answers - produce myelin sheaths in PNS using protein zero
- myelinated fibers are wrapped in concentric layers of Schwann cell plasma membrane
Function of neurons correct answers process and transmit information; sense environmental
changes
Nissl stain correct answers a neural stain that has an affinity for structures in neuron cell bodies
Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) correct answers Acidophilic H stains nucleus, ribosomes, rough
ER
Basophilic E stains cytoplasmic proteins
Silver impregnation/Golgi stain correct answers Silver stains Golgi, reticulum, nerve fibers and
cell borders of the mesothelium dark violet to black.
Golgi postulated continuity hypothesis correct answers neurites of different cells are fused
together to form continuous reticulum
Neuron Doctrine (Ramon y Cajal) correct answers Info stored in the brain results from alteration
in synaptic connections between neurons (neuronal circuit)
Dendrites correct answers dendritic spines are postsynaptic sites that receive signals from axon
terminal
Soma correct answers cell body
nucleus site of transcription
cytoplasm site of translation, modification, regulation
Axon hillock correct answers Where AP fires
Axon proper correct answers middle of axon
Axon terminal correct answers The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are released
Differences bw axon and soma/dendrites correct answers -ER doesn't extend into axon
-Protein composition is unique
Synapse correct answers A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the
next.
-electrical to chemical to electrical transformations
Synaptic transmission dysfunction can cause these disorders correct answers Autism,
Alzheimer's, Epilepsy, Schizophrenia, Addiction, Depression
Excitatory synapses correct answers - dendritic spines
- majority is glutamate
, Inhibitory synapses correct answers - dendritic shafts
- majority GABA
- leads to hyperpolarization of membrane
- membrane potential becomes more negative
- large mitochondria
Classifying neurons based on # of neurites correct answers - Unipolar: single neurite
- Bipolar: 2 neurites
- Multipolar: > 2 neurites
Classifying neurons based on somatic morphologies correct answers - Stellate: star shaped
- Pyramidal: pyramid shaped
- Spiny or Aspinous
Classifying neurons on connections within CNS correct answers primary sensory, motor
neurons, interneurons
Goli Type I vs Golgi Type II neurons correct answers Type I: long axons extend to other part of
brain
Type II: short exons extend in vicinity of cell body
Glia function correct answers - insulates, supports, nourishes neurons
- mediates immune response
radial glia correct answers - guide the migration of neurons and their axons and dendrites during
embryonic development
- pruning
- strengthening connections
myelinating glia correct answers - Oligodendrocytes (in CNS)
- Schwann cells (in PNS)
Insulate axons
Nodes of Ranvier correct answers - gaps in the myelin sheath
- AP travels faster by saltatory conduction
- .5-10 m/s vs 150/200 m/s
- allows cells to fire longer bc less energy required to restore ion conc.
Oligodendrocyte correct answers - make myelin sheaths in CNS using PLP (proteolipid protein)
- Multiple extensions can myelinate up 50 neurons
- White matter of brain is myelinated neurons
Schwann Cell correct answers - produce myelin sheaths in PNS using protein zero
- myelinated fibers are wrapped in concentric layers of Schwann cell plasma membrane
