KNH 188 Quiz 3 Exam Questions & Correct Answers New 2026
Update (A+ Pass)
relationships between PA and PF and morbidity/mortality from CHD was not understood/
recognized scientifically until correct answers late 1940's early 1950's
Dr. Jeremy Morris formulated the hypothesis correct answers "men in physically active jobs
suffer less CHD than comparable men in sedentary jobs"
-public health community was skeptical of this hypothesis
Dr. Jeremy Morris first study 1953 London correct answers London Bus Study- showed active
bus conductors were at lower risk of CHD than bus drivers, later results were soon after reported
for postmen delivering mail on foot compared to sedentary desk clerks
Framingham Heart Study (ongoing) correct answers study of entire community of Framingham,
MA began in 1948 in an effort to determine which factors were related to the development of
CHD
-1960,1961 the first results were published that showed cigarette smoking, cholesterol, and high
blood pressure were risk factors for CHD
-1967 data from this study were published that showed a link between physical activity and
reduced risk of CHD
Tecumseh Community Health Study (1957) correct answers entire community of Tecumseh
Michigan to determine biological, physical, social, and environmental factors related to how
some people maintained good health while others are more susceptible to disease
-Dr. Henry Montoye took over 2nd and 3rd phases of this project and added measures of
physical fitness
~submaximal step test was used to estimate aerobic fitness
~later maximal treadmill test was used to measure aerobic fitness
San Francisco Longshoremen and College Alumni Study correct answers Dr. Ralph Paffenbarger
directed this work, these large studies showed that
1. people who were more physically active in leisure and occupation exhibited reduced risk for
CHD mortality and morbidity- they quantified physical activity (kcal expenditure)
2. people who remained physically active years past college were the only ones to benefit from
leading a physically active lifestyle
- this work (60's and 70's) raised awareness of roles of PA in health promotional and disease
prevention -> from a public health perspective
Aerobic's Center Longitudinal Study correct answers ongoing study of physical activity, fitness,
diet, and other lifestyle factors have on mortality and chronic disease
-largest study ever to use an objective measure of physical fitness
Directed by Doctor Steven Blair
this ongoing study has generated more than 100 published studies of fitness and lowered risk of
mortality, CVD, cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, depression, and metabolic syndrome
, Aerobic's Center Longitudinal Study correct answers prospective observational study of physical
activity, physical fitness, and health outcomes among men and women
~10,000 men and 3,000 women were followed for 8 years for all-cause mortality in relation to
initial level (quintiles) of cardiorespiratory fitness
Harvard Alumni Study correct answers prospective observational study of approx 17,000 men
who attended Harvard University between 1916 and 1950
the higher the fitness quintile correct answers the lower relative risk of mortality; higher physical
activity index (burn more Kcal/ week), realties e risk of mortality is lower
Fitness levels versus mortality correct answers greater improvements in fitness yield a slightly
lower risk for premature death, largest drop is between the low fit and moderate fit groups
Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General correct answers Historical
Benchmark: outlines the consensus (100 scientific experts) of the scientific community about the
beneficial effects of physical activity on
-overall mortality, CVD, cancer, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, obesity, mental
heath, and health related quality of life
1996 Surgeon General's Report correct answers -poor health because of lack of physical activity
is a serious public health problem
-more than 60% of adults do not achieve recommended amount physical activity
-25% are not physically active at all
-almost half of all people between 12 and 21 years of age are not vigorously active on a regular
basis
-physical inactivity is more prevalent in
*women than men
*African Americans and Hispanic Americans than Whites
*older than younger adults
* less affluent people than more affluent people
*less educated than more educated adults
2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans correct answers -first ever PA guidelines
issued by the federal government (Dept. of Health and Human Services; serves similar purpose
to Dietary Guidelines for Americans)
-describes types and amounts of PA that offer health benefits, based on summation of published
literature since Surgeon General Report of PA and health -> evidence based
-targets specific population subgroups-> seniors, children, persons with disabilities
2008 PA Guidelines: All Adults correct answers -150 minutes per week moderate aerobic PA or
75 minutes per week vigorous PA or equivalent combination of moderate/ vigorous
-PA can be done in episodes of 10 minutes or more, and PA should preferably be spread
throughout the week
-additional health benefits can be realized by increasing moderate PA to 300 minutes per week or
increasing vigorous PA to 150 minutes per week or = combo
Update (A+ Pass)
relationships between PA and PF and morbidity/mortality from CHD was not understood/
recognized scientifically until correct answers late 1940's early 1950's
Dr. Jeremy Morris formulated the hypothesis correct answers "men in physically active jobs
suffer less CHD than comparable men in sedentary jobs"
-public health community was skeptical of this hypothesis
Dr. Jeremy Morris first study 1953 London correct answers London Bus Study- showed active
bus conductors were at lower risk of CHD than bus drivers, later results were soon after reported
for postmen delivering mail on foot compared to sedentary desk clerks
Framingham Heart Study (ongoing) correct answers study of entire community of Framingham,
MA began in 1948 in an effort to determine which factors were related to the development of
CHD
-1960,1961 the first results were published that showed cigarette smoking, cholesterol, and high
blood pressure were risk factors for CHD
-1967 data from this study were published that showed a link between physical activity and
reduced risk of CHD
Tecumseh Community Health Study (1957) correct answers entire community of Tecumseh
Michigan to determine biological, physical, social, and environmental factors related to how
some people maintained good health while others are more susceptible to disease
-Dr. Henry Montoye took over 2nd and 3rd phases of this project and added measures of
physical fitness
~submaximal step test was used to estimate aerobic fitness
~later maximal treadmill test was used to measure aerobic fitness
San Francisco Longshoremen and College Alumni Study correct answers Dr. Ralph Paffenbarger
directed this work, these large studies showed that
1. people who were more physically active in leisure and occupation exhibited reduced risk for
CHD mortality and morbidity- they quantified physical activity (kcal expenditure)
2. people who remained physically active years past college were the only ones to benefit from
leading a physically active lifestyle
- this work (60's and 70's) raised awareness of roles of PA in health promotional and disease
prevention -> from a public health perspective
Aerobic's Center Longitudinal Study correct answers ongoing study of physical activity, fitness,
diet, and other lifestyle factors have on mortality and chronic disease
-largest study ever to use an objective measure of physical fitness
Directed by Doctor Steven Blair
this ongoing study has generated more than 100 published studies of fitness and lowered risk of
mortality, CVD, cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, depression, and metabolic syndrome
, Aerobic's Center Longitudinal Study correct answers prospective observational study of physical
activity, physical fitness, and health outcomes among men and women
~10,000 men and 3,000 women were followed for 8 years for all-cause mortality in relation to
initial level (quintiles) of cardiorespiratory fitness
Harvard Alumni Study correct answers prospective observational study of approx 17,000 men
who attended Harvard University between 1916 and 1950
the higher the fitness quintile correct answers the lower relative risk of mortality; higher physical
activity index (burn more Kcal/ week), realties e risk of mortality is lower
Fitness levels versus mortality correct answers greater improvements in fitness yield a slightly
lower risk for premature death, largest drop is between the low fit and moderate fit groups
Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General correct answers Historical
Benchmark: outlines the consensus (100 scientific experts) of the scientific community about the
beneficial effects of physical activity on
-overall mortality, CVD, cancer, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, obesity, mental
heath, and health related quality of life
1996 Surgeon General's Report correct answers -poor health because of lack of physical activity
is a serious public health problem
-more than 60% of adults do not achieve recommended amount physical activity
-25% are not physically active at all
-almost half of all people between 12 and 21 years of age are not vigorously active on a regular
basis
-physical inactivity is more prevalent in
*women than men
*African Americans and Hispanic Americans than Whites
*older than younger adults
* less affluent people than more affluent people
*less educated than more educated adults
2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans correct answers -first ever PA guidelines
issued by the federal government (Dept. of Health and Human Services; serves similar purpose
to Dietary Guidelines for Americans)
-describes types and amounts of PA that offer health benefits, based on summation of published
literature since Surgeon General Report of PA and health -> evidence based
-targets specific population subgroups-> seniors, children, persons with disabilities
2008 PA Guidelines: All Adults correct answers -150 minutes per week moderate aerobic PA or
75 minutes per week vigorous PA or equivalent combination of moderate/ vigorous
-PA can be done in episodes of 10 minutes or more, and PA should preferably be spread
throughout the week
-additional health benefits can be realized by increasing moderate PA to 300 minutes per week or
increasing vigorous PA to 150 minutes per week or = combo
