NR 511 Midterm Exam Questions and
Answers
1. All of the following medications are used for the control of
nausea and vomiting. Which medication works by affecting the
chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby stimulating upper
gastrointestinal motility and increasing lower esophageal sphincter
pressure?
1. Anticholinergics, such as scopolamine (Donnatal).
2.Antidopaminergic agents, such as prochlorperazine
(Compazine).
3.Antidopaminergic and cholinergic agents, such as metoclopramide
(Reglan). 4.Tetrahydrocannabinols, such as dronabinol (Marinol)
Answer Antidopaminergic and cholinergic agents, such as metoclopramide (Reglan)
rationale
Metoclopramide (Reglan) is used for diabetic gastroparesis and postoperative nausea and vomiting. It
works by affecting the chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby stimulating upper gastrointestinal motility and
increasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure
2. You auscultate Julie's abdomen and hear a peritoneal friction rub.
Which
condition do you rule out?
,1. Peritonitis.
2. A liver or spleen abscess.
3. A liver or spleen metastatic
tumor. 4.Irritable bowel
syndrome.
Answer IBS
rationale
IBS does not produce a friction rub
3. You are counseling Lillian, who is lactose intolerant, about foods to
avoid. You know she misunderstands the teaching when she tells
you she can have
1. Yogurt.
2. Foods containing
whey.
3.Prehydrolyzed milk.
4.Oranges.
Answer Foods containing whey
rationale
Advise clients who are lactose intolerant to avoid foods containing whey. Whey is a lactose-rich
ingredient found in some foods, so clients who are lactose intolerant need to read labels on all foods.
,To control symptoms,
dietary lactose should be reduced or restricted by using lactose-reduced and lactose-free dairy products
or by eating lactose-rich foods in small amounts or in combination with low-lactose or lactose-free
foods.
4. Simon, age 72, states that he is worried because he has a bowel
movement
only every third day. You respond
1. "You should have two to three stools per day."
2. "You should defecate once a day."
3. "You should have at least three stools per week."
4. "There is no such thing as a 'normal' pattern of defecation."
Answer There is no such thing as a normal pattern of defecation
rationale
There is no such thing as a "normal" pattern of defecation. Patterns of defecation vary widely and may
in part be affected by dietary habits, fluid intake, bacteria in the stool, psychological stress, or voluntary
postponement of defecation. Defecating every third day could be the routine pattern for Simon. He
should be questioned if this is routine for him.
5. Timothy, age 68, complains of an abrupt change in his defecation
pattern.
You evaluate him for
, 1. Constipation.
2. Colorectal
cancer.
3. Irritable bowel syndrome.
4. Acute appendicitis.
Answer Colorectal cancer
rationale
A middle-aged or older client with an abrupt change in defecation pattern must be evaluated for colorectal
cancer
6. Ruby has a colostomy and complains that her stools are too loose.
What
food(s) do you suggest to help thicken the stools?
1.Cheese.
2. Leafy green vegetables.
3. Raw fruits and vegetables.
4. Dried beans.
Answer Cheese
rationale
Cheese, bread, pasta, rice, pretzels, and yogurt all help to thicken stools.
Answers
1. All of the following medications are used for the control of
nausea and vomiting. Which medication works by affecting the
chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby stimulating upper
gastrointestinal motility and increasing lower esophageal sphincter
pressure?
1. Anticholinergics, such as scopolamine (Donnatal).
2.Antidopaminergic agents, such as prochlorperazine
(Compazine).
3.Antidopaminergic and cholinergic agents, such as metoclopramide
(Reglan). 4.Tetrahydrocannabinols, such as dronabinol (Marinol)
Answer Antidopaminergic and cholinergic agents, such as metoclopramide (Reglan)
rationale
Metoclopramide (Reglan) is used for diabetic gastroparesis and postoperative nausea and vomiting. It
works by affecting the chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby stimulating upper gastrointestinal motility and
increasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure
2. You auscultate Julie's abdomen and hear a peritoneal friction rub.
Which
condition do you rule out?
,1. Peritonitis.
2. A liver or spleen abscess.
3. A liver or spleen metastatic
tumor. 4.Irritable bowel
syndrome.
Answer IBS
rationale
IBS does not produce a friction rub
3. You are counseling Lillian, who is lactose intolerant, about foods to
avoid. You know she misunderstands the teaching when she tells
you she can have
1. Yogurt.
2. Foods containing
whey.
3.Prehydrolyzed milk.
4.Oranges.
Answer Foods containing whey
rationale
Advise clients who are lactose intolerant to avoid foods containing whey. Whey is a lactose-rich
ingredient found in some foods, so clients who are lactose intolerant need to read labels on all foods.
,To control symptoms,
dietary lactose should be reduced or restricted by using lactose-reduced and lactose-free dairy products
or by eating lactose-rich foods in small amounts or in combination with low-lactose or lactose-free
foods.
4. Simon, age 72, states that he is worried because he has a bowel
movement
only every third day. You respond
1. "You should have two to three stools per day."
2. "You should defecate once a day."
3. "You should have at least three stools per week."
4. "There is no such thing as a 'normal' pattern of defecation."
Answer There is no such thing as a normal pattern of defecation
rationale
There is no such thing as a "normal" pattern of defecation. Patterns of defecation vary widely and may
in part be affected by dietary habits, fluid intake, bacteria in the stool, psychological stress, or voluntary
postponement of defecation. Defecating every third day could be the routine pattern for Simon. He
should be questioned if this is routine for him.
5. Timothy, age 68, complains of an abrupt change in his defecation
pattern.
You evaluate him for
, 1. Constipation.
2. Colorectal
cancer.
3. Irritable bowel syndrome.
4. Acute appendicitis.
Answer Colorectal cancer
rationale
A middle-aged or older client with an abrupt change in defecation pattern must be evaluated for colorectal
cancer
6. Ruby has a colostomy and complains that her stools are too loose.
What
food(s) do you suggest to help thicken the stools?
1.Cheese.
2. Leafy green vegetables.
3. Raw fruits and vegetables.
4. Dried beans.
Answer Cheese
rationale
Cheese, bread, pasta, rice, pretzels, and yogurt all help to thicken stools.
