PSYC 2030 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
100% CORRECT
Development - ANSWER Systematic changes and continuities that occur between
conception and death
The pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the life span
Most development involves growth, although it also includes changes brought on by
advanced age
A bioecological model of development - ANSWER The developing person, with his or her
genetic makeup and biological and psychological characteristics, is embedded in a
series of environmental systems
These systems interact with one another and with the individual over time to influence
development
Microsystem - ANSWER An immediate physical and social environment in which the
person interacts face-to-face with other people and is influenced by them
Mesosystem - ANSWER Interrelationships or linkages between two or more
microsystems
Exosystem - ANSWER Linkages involving social settings that individuals do not
experience directly but that can still influence their development
Macrosystem - ANSWER The larger cultural context in which the microsystem,
mesosytem, and ecosystem are embedded
Chronosystem - ANSWER Changes in people and their environments occur in a
timeframe
,Qualitative - ANSWER Biological stages that are fundamentally different are an example
of _______ change
Normative change - ANSWER Change that everyone experiences
Life-span perspective - ANSWER Development is lifelong, multidimensional,
multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual; involves growth,
maintenance, and regulation; and is constructed through biological, sociocultural, and
individual factors working together
Development is lifelong
Development is multidimensional
Development is multidirectional
Development is plastic (ie., capacity for change)
Developmental science is multidisciplinary
Development is contextual
Key theories in lifespan development - ANSWER Psychoanalytic approach
Cognitive theories
Socio-cultural theories
Social learning theories
Psychoanalytic approach - ANSWER Freud
Erikson (lifespan)
Cognitive theories - ANSWER Piaget
Baltes
,Socio-cultural theories - ANSWER Vygotsky
Social learning theories - ANSWER Bandura
Paul Baltes - ANSWER Individuals are changing beings in a changing world
As a result of these changes, contexts exert 3 types of influences:
1. normative age-graded influences
2. normative, history-graded influences
3. non-normative or highly individualized life events
Normative age-graded influences - ANSWER Similar for individuals in a particular age
group
- Includes processes such as beginning formal education and retirement
Normative history-graded influences - ANSWER Common to people of a particular
generation because of historical circumstances
Long term changes in the genetic and cultural makeup of a population are also part of
normative historical change
Non-normative life events - ANSWER Unusual occurrences that have a major impact on
the individual's life
They don't happen to all people, and when they do occur they can influence people in
different ways
Baltes' 3 goals of human development - ANSWER Growth, maintenance, and regulation
of loss
Lab observation - ANSWER What is said = controlled
Who says it = controlled
, Where it is said = controlled
Meaning = lab based
Sample = maybe biased
Naturalistic observation - ANSWER What is said = random
Who says it = random
Where it is said = controlled
Meaning = real world
Sample = can be unbiased
Kinds of measures: - ANSWER Observation
Self report measures
Standardized tests
Case study
Looking preferences - ANSWER Children can show a novelty or familiarity preference
Things that impact whether children show a novelty or familiarity preference - ANSWER
Time
Age
Complexity of the object
Physiological measures - ANSWER A biological or physical measure related to
psychological processes
Pros?
- Tangible measurements of psychological processes
Can look for mechanisms that influence behavior
Cons?
100% CORRECT
Development - ANSWER Systematic changes and continuities that occur between
conception and death
The pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the life span
Most development involves growth, although it also includes changes brought on by
advanced age
A bioecological model of development - ANSWER The developing person, with his or her
genetic makeup and biological and psychological characteristics, is embedded in a
series of environmental systems
These systems interact with one another and with the individual over time to influence
development
Microsystem - ANSWER An immediate physical and social environment in which the
person interacts face-to-face with other people and is influenced by them
Mesosystem - ANSWER Interrelationships or linkages between two or more
microsystems
Exosystem - ANSWER Linkages involving social settings that individuals do not
experience directly but that can still influence their development
Macrosystem - ANSWER The larger cultural context in which the microsystem,
mesosytem, and ecosystem are embedded
Chronosystem - ANSWER Changes in people and their environments occur in a
timeframe
,Qualitative - ANSWER Biological stages that are fundamentally different are an example
of _______ change
Normative change - ANSWER Change that everyone experiences
Life-span perspective - ANSWER Development is lifelong, multidimensional,
multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual; involves growth,
maintenance, and regulation; and is constructed through biological, sociocultural, and
individual factors working together
Development is lifelong
Development is multidimensional
Development is multidirectional
Development is plastic (ie., capacity for change)
Developmental science is multidisciplinary
Development is contextual
Key theories in lifespan development - ANSWER Psychoanalytic approach
Cognitive theories
Socio-cultural theories
Social learning theories
Psychoanalytic approach - ANSWER Freud
Erikson (lifespan)
Cognitive theories - ANSWER Piaget
Baltes
,Socio-cultural theories - ANSWER Vygotsky
Social learning theories - ANSWER Bandura
Paul Baltes - ANSWER Individuals are changing beings in a changing world
As a result of these changes, contexts exert 3 types of influences:
1. normative age-graded influences
2. normative, history-graded influences
3. non-normative or highly individualized life events
Normative age-graded influences - ANSWER Similar for individuals in a particular age
group
- Includes processes such as beginning formal education and retirement
Normative history-graded influences - ANSWER Common to people of a particular
generation because of historical circumstances
Long term changes in the genetic and cultural makeup of a population are also part of
normative historical change
Non-normative life events - ANSWER Unusual occurrences that have a major impact on
the individual's life
They don't happen to all people, and when they do occur they can influence people in
different ways
Baltes' 3 goals of human development - ANSWER Growth, maintenance, and regulation
of loss
Lab observation - ANSWER What is said = controlled
Who says it = controlled
, Where it is said = controlled
Meaning = lab based
Sample = maybe biased
Naturalistic observation - ANSWER What is said = random
Who says it = random
Where it is said = controlled
Meaning = real world
Sample = can be unbiased
Kinds of measures: - ANSWER Observation
Self report measures
Standardized tests
Case study
Looking preferences - ANSWER Children can show a novelty or familiarity preference
Things that impact whether children show a novelty or familiarity preference - ANSWER
Time
Age
Complexity of the object
Physiological measures - ANSWER A biological or physical measure related to
psychological processes
Pros?
- Tangible measurements of psychological processes
Can look for mechanisms that influence behavior
Cons?
