LEADERSHIP ROLES AND MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS IN NURSING: THEORY AND
APPLICATION 11TH ED BY CAROL J. HUSTON (CHAPTER 1-25)
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01: Decision Making, Problem Solving, Critical Thinking, And Clinical
Reasoning: Requisites For Successful Leadership And Management ......................3
Chapter 02: Classical Views Of Leadership And Management ............................... 23
Chapter 03: Twenty-First-Century Thinking About Leadership And Management
..................................................................................................................................42
Chapter 04: Ethical Issues ...................................................................................... 61
Chapter 05: Legal And Legislative Issues ............................................................... 81
Chapter 06: Patient, Subordinate, Workplace, And Professional Advocacy ........ 101
Chapter 07: Organizational Planning .................................................................... 120
Chapter 08: Planned Change ................................................................................. 138
Chapter 09: Time Management ............................................................................. 157
Chapter 10: Fiscal Planning .................................................................................. 175
Chapter 11: Career Planning And Development In Nursing ................................. 193
Chapter 12: Organizational Structure .................................................................. 211
Chapter 13: Organizational, Political, And Personal Power ................................. 230
Chapter 14: Organizing Patient Care .................................................................... 248
Chapter 15: Employee Recruitment, Selection, Placement, And Indoctrination
................................................................................................................................ 266
Chapter 16: Socializing And Educating Staff In A Learning Organization .......... 285
Chapter 17: Staffing Needs And Scheduling Policies ........................................... 303
Chapter 18: Creating A Motivating Climate ......................................................... 322
Chapter 19: Organizational, Interpersonal, And Group Communication ............ 340
Chapter 20: Delegation .......................................................................................... 358
Chapter 21: Effective Conflict Resolution And Negotiation ................................ 376
Chapter 22: Collective Bargaining, Unionization, And Employment Laws ......... 395
Chapter 23: Quality Control .................................................................................. 413
Chapter 24: Performance Appraisal ...................................................................... 431
Chapter 25: Problem Employees: Rule Breakers, Marginal Employees, And The
Chemically Or Psychologically Impaired .............................................................. 450
,Chapter 01: Decision Making, Problem Solving, Critical
Thinking, And Clinical Reasoning: Requisites For
Successful Leadership And Management
1.The NURSE Is Applying A Decision-Making Process To A Clinical Challenge. When
Applying This Process, The NURSE Must:
A. Analyze The Root Causes Of A Situation.
B. Begin By Solving The Underlying Problem.
C. Choose Between Different Courses Of Action.
D. Prioritize The Maximum Good For The Maximum Number Of People.
Answer: C
Feedback: Decision Making Is A Complex, Cognitive Process Often Defined As
Choosing A Particular Course Of Action. Problem Solving Is Part Of Decision
Making And Is A Systematic Process That Focuses On Analyzing A Difficult
Situation. It Is Not Always Realistic For The NURSE To Solve Each Of The
Problems Contributing To A Larger Challenge, Especially At The Beginning Of
The Decision-Making Process. The NURSE Often Lacks The Time, Information,
Or Resources To Analyze The Root Causes Of A Situation. Many Times, The
NURSE Makes A Decision That Benefits The Largest Number Of People, But This
Is Not Always Feasible Or Desirable.
Pts: 1
Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page: 3
Obj: 1 Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management
Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Decision Making, Problem Solving, Critical
Thinking, And Clinical Reasoning
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process Blm: Cognitive Level: Apply
Not: Multiple Choice
2.The NURSE Is Applying The Traditional Problem-Solving Model When Mediating In A
Conflict Between Two Colleagues. When Applying This Model, The NURSE Should
Prioritize What Task?
A. Identifying The Root Cause Of The Conflict
,B. Implementing A Solution As Quickly As Possible
C. Eliciting Input From Other NURSEs
D. Encouraging Each NURSE To Reflect On His Or Her Actions
Answer: A
Feedback: The Traditional Problem-Solving Model Attempts To Identify The Root
Problem In Situations, A Task That Can Require Much Time And Energy.
Efficiency Is Desirable, But Trying To Implement A Solution As Quickly As
Possible Can Result In A Hasty And Incorrect Solution. Reflective Thinking Is
Always Beneficial, But This Is Not A Specific Component Of The Traditional
Problem-Solving Model. Outside Input May Or May Not Be Necessary; This Varies
With Each Individual Problem.
Pts: 1
Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page: 7
Obj: 1 Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management
Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Traditional Problem-Solving Process
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Analyze
Not: Multiple Choice
3.Which Statement Is True Regarding Decision Making?
A. Scientific Methods Provide Identical Decisions By Different Individuals For The
Same Problems.
B. Decisions Are Greatly Influenced By Each Person’s Value System.
C. Personal Beliefs Can Be Adjusted For When The Scientific Approach To Problem
Solving Is Used.
D. Past Experience Has Little To Do With The Quality Of The Decision.
Answer:B
Feedback: Values, Life Experience, Individual Preference, And Individual Ways
Of Thinking Will Influence A Person’s Decision Making. No Matter How Objective
The Criteria Will Be, Value Judgments Will Always Play A Part In A Person’s
Decision Making, Either Consciously Or Subconsciously. It Is Not Possible For A
,NURSE To Fully “Set Aside” Personal Beliefs When Making A Decision, Even If
The NURSE Applies The Principles Of Self-Reflection.
Pts: 1
Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page: 17
Obj: 3 Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management
Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Values
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
Not: Multiple Choice
4.The NURSE-Manager Of A Short-Staffed Unit Needs To Make A Decision About A
NURSE’s Request For An Unpaid Leave Of Absence. In Order To Increase The Chance
Of Making A Good Decision, The Manager Should:
A. Involve As Many People In The Decision-Making Process As Possible.
B. Begin The Decision-Making Process By Presuming The Status Quo To Be The
Best Option.
C. Generate As Many Different Alternatives As Possible.
D. Prioritize The Option That Is Most Innovative.
Answer:C
Feedback: The Greater The Number Of Alternatives That Can Be Generated By
The Decision Maker, The Better The Final Decision Will Be. Generating Multiple
Alternatives May Require Involving More People In The Decision-Making Process,
But The Process Can Easily Become Unwieldy If Too Many People Are Involved.
The Manager Should Always Consider The Status Quo As A Possible Option, But
This Is Not Always Considered To Be The Default Option.
Innovation Is Often A Desirable Characteristic, But It Would Be Inappropriate
To Choose An Option Solely Because It Is Innovative; Many Other Values Must Be
Considered.
Pts: 1
Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page: 15
,Obj: 4 Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management
Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Generate Numerous Alternatives
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Apply
Not: Multiple Choice
5.An Experienced NURSE-Manager Has Been Described As Being A “Right-Brain
Thinker.” This Manager’s Decision-Making Process Likely Prioritizes What
Characteristic?
A. Linear Analysis
B. Intuition
C. Transparency
D. Efficiency Answer:B
Feedback: Right-Brained Thinkers Have Traditionally Been Characterized As
Being Creative And Intuitive. Linear Analysis Is More Closely Aligned With Left-
Brained Thinking. Transparency And Efficiency Are Desirable Qualities That
Are Not Particularly Aligned With Either Of These Two Paradigms.
Pts: 1
Dif: Easy
Ref: Page: 18
Obj: 3|4
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Brain Hemisphere Dominance And Thinking
Styles
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
Not: Multiple Choice
,6.KThe NURSE-Manager Is Applying An Evidence-Based Approach To A Clinical
Question Around Client Mobilization. When Using A Pico Format To Search For
Evidence, The NURSE Should Identify What?
A. The Role Of Intuition In The Decision-Making Process
B. The Preferences Of Clients And Their Families
C. The Clients For Whom The Intervention Would Be Relevant
D. Costs Associated With A Potential Change In Practice
Answer:C
Feedback: The Pico (Patient Or Population, Intervention, Comparison, And
Outcome) Format Is Used In Evidence-Based Practice To Guide The Search For
The Current Best Evidence To Address A Problem. Client And Family Preferences
And Cost Are Included In Evidence-Based Practice But Are Not Explicit
Components Of The Pico Format. Intuition Is A Component Of Decision Making
But Is Not Specifically Included In The Pico Format.
Pts: 1
Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page: 14
Obj: 5 | 6 Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment:
Management Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Use An Evidence-Based Approach
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Apply
Not: Multiple Choice
7.The NURSE-Manager Is Applying The Decision-Making Process When Addressing A
NURSE’s High Rate Of Absenteeism. This Process Should Result In:
A. An Outcome That Is Desired By All.
B. A Chosen Course Of Action.
C. An Action That Guarantees Success.
D. A New Understanding Of The Problem.
Answer:B
,Feedback: A Decision Is Made When A Course Of Action Has Been Chosen. A
Decision May Not Always Be Pleasing To Everyone Involved In The Situation,
And Success Can Never Be Fully Guaranteed. The Manager Should Seek To
Fully Understand The Problem, But This Is A Phase In Decision Making, Not The
Result Of The Process.
Pts: 1
Dif: Easy
Ref: Page: 3
Obj: 1
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Decision Making, Problem Solving, Critical
Thinking, And Clinical Reasoning
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
Not: Multiple Choice
8.The NURSE-Manager Is Faced With A Difficult Decision In A Situation That Involves
The Manager’s Values. What Is The Manager’s Best Action?
A. Try To Base A Decision On Intuition Rather Than Values.
B. Set Aside His Or Her Values And Make A Rationale Decision.
C. Defer The Decision To A Colleague With Different Values.
D. Identify And Reflect On His Or Her Own Values.
Answer:D
Feedback: Every Person Has A Value System, And This Cannot Be Simply “Set
Aside.” Awareness And Reflection Are Necessary To Make Good Decisions In The
Context Of One’s Own Values. Intuition And Values Are Not Counterpoints, And
Prioritizing Intuition Does Not Negate The Importance Of Values. Values
Influence Every Decision To Varying Degrees, And It Is Impractical To Defer
Every Value-Laden Decision To Someone Else.
Pts: 1
Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page: 17
,Obj: 8 Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management
Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Values
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process Blm: Cognitive Level: Apply
Not: Multiple Choice
9.Which Statement Is True Concerning Critical Thinking?
A. It Is A Simple Approach To Decision Making.
B. It Is Narrower In Scope Than Decision Making.
C. It Requires Reasoning And Creative Analysis.
D. It Is A Synonym For The Problem-Solving Process.
Answer:C
Feedback: Critical Thinking Has A Broader Scope And Is More Complex Than
Decision Making And Problem Solving. It Is Sometimes Referred To As Reflective
Thinking. Critical Thinking Also Involves Reflecting On The Meaning Of
Statements, Examining The Offered Evidence And Reasoning, And Forming
Judgments About Facts.
Pts: 1
Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page: 4
Obj: 1 Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management
Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Decision Making, Problem Solving, Critical
Thinking, And Clinical Reasoning
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
Not: Multiple Choice
10.A NURSE-Manager Has Realized That The Data Gathering Process Before A Recent
Decision May Have Been Influenced By Confirmation Bias. How Can The Manager
Best Prevent This In The Future?
A. Delegate Data Gathering To A Trusted Colleague Who Has Different Values.
B. Make Sure Not To Prioritize Information That Supports The Manager’s Beliefs.
, C. Consider All Of The Implications Of An Alternative Before Making A Decision.
D. Collect Only The Minimum Quantity Of Data Before Making A Decision.
Answer:B
Feedback: Confirmation Bias Refers To Our Tendency To Search For And Favor
Information That Confirms Our Beliefs While Simultaneously Ignoring Or
Devaluing Information That Contradicts Our Beliefs. Self-Awareness And
Reflection Can Reduce This Tendency. Delegating The
Data-Gathering Process May Be Beneficial In Some Situations, But Every Person
Is Prone To Confirmation Bias, Although In Differing Ways. Considering The
Implications Of A Decision Is An Important Part Of Decision Making But Does
Not Address The Issue Of Confirmation Bias.
Minimizing Data Collection May Reduce Confirmation Bias But Could
Compromise The Quality Of A Decision.
Pts: 1
Dif: Difficult Ref: Page: 13
Obj: 8 | 9 | 10 Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment:
Management Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Gather Data Carefully
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Apply
Not: Multiple Choice
11.A NURSE-Manager Has Made A Decision And Is Now Preparing To Evaluate The
Decision. What Question Should Best Guide The NURSE’s Evaluation Process?
A. Is Evaluation Necessary When Using A Good Decision-Making Model?
B. Can Evaluation Be Eliminated If The Problem Is Resolved?
C. Is Every Party Happy With The Outcomes Of The Decision?
D. Did The Outcomes Align With The Original Objectives?
Answer:D
Feedback: The Evaluation Phase Is Necessary To Find Out More About One’s
Ability As A Decision Maker And To Find Out Where The Decision Making Was
APPLICATION 11TH ED BY CAROL J. HUSTON (CHAPTER 1-25)
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01: Decision Making, Problem Solving, Critical Thinking, And Clinical
Reasoning: Requisites For Successful Leadership And Management ......................3
Chapter 02: Classical Views Of Leadership And Management ............................... 23
Chapter 03: Twenty-First-Century Thinking About Leadership And Management
..................................................................................................................................42
Chapter 04: Ethical Issues ...................................................................................... 61
Chapter 05: Legal And Legislative Issues ............................................................... 81
Chapter 06: Patient, Subordinate, Workplace, And Professional Advocacy ........ 101
Chapter 07: Organizational Planning .................................................................... 120
Chapter 08: Planned Change ................................................................................. 138
Chapter 09: Time Management ............................................................................. 157
Chapter 10: Fiscal Planning .................................................................................. 175
Chapter 11: Career Planning And Development In Nursing ................................. 193
Chapter 12: Organizational Structure .................................................................. 211
Chapter 13: Organizational, Political, And Personal Power ................................. 230
Chapter 14: Organizing Patient Care .................................................................... 248
Chapter 15: Employee Recruitment, Selection, Placement, And Indoctrination
................................................................................................................................ 266
Chapter 16: Socializing And Educating Staff In A Learning Organization .......... 285
Chapter 17: Staffing Needs And Scheduling Policies ........................................... 303
Chapter 18: Creating A Motivating Climate ......................................................... 322
Chapter 19: Organizational, Interpersonal, And Group Communication ............ 340
Chapter 20: Delegation .......................................................................................... 358
Chapter 21: Effective Conflict Resolution And Negotiation ................................ 376
Chapter 22: Collective Bargaining, Unionization, And Employment Laws ......... 395
Chapter 23: Quality Control .................................................................................. 413
Chapter 24: Performance Appraisal ...................................................................... 431
Chapter 25: Problem Employees: Rule Breakers, Marginal Employees, And The
Chemically Or Psychologically Impaired .............................................................. 450
,Chapter 01: Decision Making, Problem Solving, Critical
Thinking, And Clinical Reasoning: Requisites For
Successful Leadership And Management
1.The NURSE Is Applying A Decision-Making Process To A Clinical Challenge. When
Applying This Process, The NURSE Must:
A. Analyze The Root Causes Of A Situation.
B. Begin By Solving The Underlying Problem.
C. Choose Between Different Courses Of Action.
D. Prioritize The Maximum Good For The Maximum Number Of People.
Answer: C
Feedback: Decision Making Is A Complex, Cognitive Process Often Defined As
Choosing A Particular Course Of Action. Problem Solving Is Part Of Decision
Making And Is A Systematic Process That Focuses On Analyzing A Difficult
Situation. It Is Not Always Realistic For The NURSE To Solve Each Of The
Problems Contributing To A Larger Challenge, Especially At The Beginning Of
The Decision-Making Process. The NURSE Often Lacks The Time, Information,
Or Resources To Analyze The Root Causes Of A Situation. Many Times, The
NURSE Makes A Decision That Benefits The Largest Number Of People, But This
Is Not Always Feasible Or Desirable.
Pts: 1
Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page: 3
Obj: 1 Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management
Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Decision Making, Problem Solving, Critical
Thinking, And Clinical Reasoning
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process Blm: Cognitive Level: Apply
Not: Multiple Choice
2.The NURSE Is Applying The Traditional Problem-Solving Model When Mediating In A
Conflict Between Two Colleagues. When Applying This Model, The NURSE Should
Prioritize What Task?
A. Identifying The Root Cause Of The Conflict
,B. Implementing A Solution As Quickly As Possible
C. Eliciting Input From Other NURSEs
D. Encouraging Each NURSE To Reflect On His Or Her Actions
Answer: A
Feedback: The Traditional Problem-Solving Model Attempts To Identify The Root
Problem In Situations, A Task That Can Require Much Time And Energy.
Efficiency Is Desirable, But Trying To Implement A Solution As Quickly As
Possible Can Result In A Hasty And Incorrect Solution. Reflective Thinking Is
Always Beneficial, But This Is Not A Specific Component Of The Traditional
Problem-Solving Model. Outside Input May Or May Not Be Necessary; This Varies
With Each Individual Problem.
Pts: 1
Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page: 7
Obj: 1 Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management
Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Traditional Problem-Solving Process
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Analyze
Not: Multiple Choice
3.Which Statement Is True Regarding Decision Making?
A. Scientific Methods Provide Identical Decisions By Different Individuals For The
Same Problems.
B. Decisions Are Greatly Influenced By Each Person’s Value System.
C. Personal Beliefs Can Be Adjusted For When The Scientific Approach To Problem
Solving Is Used.
D. Past Experience Has Little To Do With The Quality Of The Decision.
Answer:B
Feedback: Values, Life Experience, Individual Preference, And Individual Ways
Of Thinking Will Influence A Person’s Decision Making. No Matter How Objective
The Criteria Will Be, Value Judgments Will Always Play A Part In A Person’s
Decision Making, Either Consciously Or Subconsciously. It Is Not Possible For A
,NURSE To Fully “Set Aside” Personal Beliefs When Making A Decision, Even If
The NURSE Applies The Principles Of Self-Reflection.
Pts: 1
Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page: 17
Obj: 3 Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management
Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Values
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
Not: Multiple Choice
4.The NURSE-Manager Of A Short-Staffed Unit Needs To Make A Decision About A
NURSE’s Request For An Unpaid Leave Of Absence. In Order To Increase The Chance
Of Making A Good Decision, The Manager Should:
A. Involve As Many People In The Decision-Making Process As Possible.
B. Begin The Decision-Making Process By Presuming The Status Quo To Be The
Best Option.
C. Generate As Many Different Alternatives As Possible.
D. Prioritize The Option That Is Most Innovative.
Answer:C
Feedback: The Greater The Number Of Alternatives That Can Be Generated By
The Decision Maker, The Better The Final Decision Will Be. Generating Multiple
Alternatives May Require Involving More People In The Decision-Making Process,
But The Process Can Easily Become Unwieldy If Too Many People Are Involved.
The Manager Should Always Consider The Status Quo As A Possible Option, But
This Is Not Always Considered To Be The Default Option.
Innovation Is Often A Desirable Characteristic, But It Would Be Inappropriate
To Choose An Option Solely Because It Is Innovative; Many Other Values Must Be
Considered.
Pts: 1
Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page: 15
,Obj: 4 Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management
Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Generate Numerous Alternatives
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Apply
Not: Multiple Choice
5.An Experienced NURSE-Manager Has Been Described As Being A “Right-Brain
Thinker.” This Manager’s Decision-Making Process Likely Prioritizes What
Characteristic?
A. Linear Analysis
B. Intuition
C. Transparency
D. Efficiency Answer:B
Feedback: Right-Brained Thinkers Have Traditionally Been Characterized As
Being Creative And Intuitive. Linear Analysis Is More Closely Aligned With Left-
Brained Thinking. Transparency And Efficiency Are Desirable Qualities That
Are Not Particularly Aligned With Either Of These Two Paradigms.
Pts: 1
Dif: Easy
Ref: Page: 18
Obj: 3|4
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Brain Hemisphere Dominance And Thinking
Styles
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
Not: Multiple Choice
,6.KThe NURSE-Manager Is Applying An Evidence-Based Approach To A Clinical
Question Around Client Mobilization. When Using A Pico Format To Search For
Evidence, The NURSE Should Identify What?
A. The Role Of Intuition In The Decision-Making Process
B. The Preferences Of Clients And Their Families
C. The Clients For Whom The Intervention Would Be Relevant
D. Costs Associated With A Potential Change In Practice
Answer:C
Feedback: The Pico (Patient Or Population, Intervention, Comparison, And
Outcome) Format Is Used In Evidence-Based Practice To Guide The Search For
The Current Best Evidence To Address A Problem. Client And Family Preferences
And Cost Are Included In Evidence-Based Practice But Are Not Explicit
Components Of The Pico Format. Intuition Is A Component Of Decision Making
But Is Not Specifically Included In The Pico Format.
Pts: 1
Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page: 14
Obj: 5 | 6 Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment:
Management Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Use An Evidence-Based Approach
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Apply
Not: Multiple Choice
7.The NURSE-Manager Is Applying The Decision-Making Process When Addressing A
NURSE’s High Rate Of Absenteeism. This Process Should Result In:
A. An Outcome That Is Desired By All.
B. A Chosen Course Of Action.
C. An Action That Guarantees Success.
D. A New Understanding Of The Problem.
Answer:B
,Feedback: A Decision Is Made When A Course Of Action Has Been Chosen. A
Decision May Not Always Be Pleasing To Everyone Involved In The Situation,
And Success Can Never Be Fully Guaranteed. The Manager Should Seek To
Fully Understand The Problem, But This Is A Phase In Decision Making, Not The
Result Of The Process.
Pts: 1
Dif: Easy
Ref: Page: 3
Obj: 1
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Decision Making, Problem Solving, Critical
Thinking, And Clinical Reasoning
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
Not: Multiple Choice
8.The NURSE-Manager Is Faced With A Difficult Decision In A Situation That Involves
The Manager’s Values. What Is The Manager’s Best Action?
A. Try To Base A Decision On Intuition Rather Than Values.
B. Set Aside His Or Her Values And Make A Rationale Decision.
C. Defer The Decision To A Colleague With Different Values.
D. Identify And Reflect On His Or Her Own Values.
Answer:D
Feedback: Every Person Has A Value System, And This Cannot Be Simply “Set
Aside.” Awareness And Reflection Are Necessary To Make Good Decisions In The
Context Of One’s Own Values. Intuition And Values Are Not Counterpoints, And
Prioritizing Intuition Does Not Negate The Importance Of Values. Values
Influence Every Decision To Varying Degrees, And It Is Impractical To Defer
Every Value-Laden Decision To Someone Else.
Pts: 1
Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page: 17
,Obj: 8 Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management
Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Values
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process Blm: Cognitive Level: Apply
Not: Multiple Choice
9.Which Statement Is True Concerning Critical Thinking?
A. It Is A Simple Approach To Decision Making.
B. It Is Narrower In Scope Than Decision Making.
C. It Requires Reasoning And Creative Analysis.
D. It Is A Synonym For The Problem-Solving Process.
Answer:C
Feedback: Critical Thinking Has A Broader Scope And Is More Complex Than
Decision Making And Problem Solving. It Is Sometimes Referred To As Reflective
Thinking. Critical Thinking Also Involves Reflecting On The Meaning Of
Statements, Examining The Offered Evidence And Reasoning, And Forming
Judgments About Facts.
Pts: 1
Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page: 4
Obj: 1 Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management
Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Decision Making, Problem Solving, Critical
Thinking, And Clinical Reasoning
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
Not: Multiple Choice
10.A NURSE-Manager Has Realized That The Data Gathering Process Before A Recent
Decision May Have Been Influenced By Confirmation Bias. How Can The Manager
Best Prevent This In The Future?
A. Delegate Data Gathering To A Trusted Colleague Who Has Different Values.
B. Make Sure Not To Prioritize Information That Supports The Manager’s Beliefs.
, C. Consider All Of The Implications Of An Alternative Before Making A Decision.
D. Collect Only The Minimum Quantity Of Data Before Making A Decision.
Answer:B
Feedback: Confirmation Bias Refers To Our Tendency To Search For And Favor
Information That Confirms Our Beliefs While Simultaneously Ignoring Or
Devaluing Information That Contradicts Our Beliefs. Self-Awareness And
Reflection Can Reduce This Tendency. Delegating The
Data-Gathering Process May Be Beneficial In Some Situations, But Every Person
Is Prone To Confirmation Bias, Although In Differing Ways. Considering The
Implications Of A Decision Is An Important Part Of Decision Making But Does
Not Address The Issue Of Confirmation Bias.
Minimizing Data Collection May Reduce Confirmation Bias But Could
Compromise The Quality Of A Decision.
Pts: 1
Dif: Difficult Ref: Page: 13
Obj: 8 | 9 | 10 Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment:
Management Of Care
Top: Chapter Number: 01: Title: Gather Data Carefully
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Apply
Not: Multiple Choice
11.A NURSE-Manager Has Made A Decision And Is Now Preparing To Evaluate The
Decision. What Question Should Best Guide The NURSE’s Evaluation Process?
A. Is Evaluation Necessary When Using A Good Decision-Making Model?
B. Can Evaluation Be Eliminated If The Problem Is Resolved?
C. Is Every Party Happy With The Outcomes Of The Decision?
D. Did The Outcomes Align With The Original Objectives?
Answer:D
Feedback: The Evaluation Phase Is Necessary To Find Out More About One’s
Ability As A Decision Maker And To Find Out Where The Decision Making Was
