4
MCQs IN PHARMACOLOGY 2026/2027
(EXAM PREP)ALL CHAPTERS COVERED
Contents
Chapter Pages
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ......................................................................................................................................... 5
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS ..................................................................................................................................... 8
(2) AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM .................. 12
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS ............................................................................................................................................... 12
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................................... 16
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS................................................................................................................... 19
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS ................................................................................................................ 24
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR ANTAGONIST DRUGS ................................................................................................................. 29
(3) AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS .................................................................................................................................................... 34
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS .............................................................................................................................................. 38
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS ................................................................................................................................. 41
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL................................................................................................................................................... 44
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS.......................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ................................................................................................................................ 49
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 51
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS.................................................................................................................................. 54
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE .................................................................................................................................................. 63
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ....................................................................................................................................... 65
(4) ORGANOTROPIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ................................................................................................................ 68
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES ........................................................................................................ 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ......................................................................................................... 73
PART IV DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF COAGULATION....................................................................................................... 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE .................................................................................................. 76
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS ................................................................................................................................... 78
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA PECTORIS TREATMENT ........................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS ................................................................................................................................ 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 85
(5) METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 88
PART I HYPOTHALAMIC & PITUITARY HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS........................................................ 88
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS................................................................................................. 91
PART III THE GONADAL HORMONES & INHIBITORS............................................................................................................. 93
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID, STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS ................................................ 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC & ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................ 98
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ......................................... 104
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT .................................................... 110
PART VIII AGENTS THAT AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS .................................................................................... 114
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID, MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ......................... 120
(6) CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
PART I ANTIBIOTICS ..................................................................................................................................................... 124
PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS........................................................................................................ 129
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS.................................................................................... 132
, 5
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER ................................................... 135
, 6
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
01. Pharmacokinetics is:
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methods of new drug development
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Complications of drug therapy
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on genes
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
c) Chemical structure of a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs in the organism
03. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug action
c) Excretion of substances
d) Interaction of substances
04. The main mechanism of most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
05. What kind of substances can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
a) Lipid-soluble
b) Non-ionized substances
c) Hydrophobic substances
d) Hydrophilic substances
06. A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property:
a) Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
d) High reabsorption in renal tubules
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
b) Transport without energy consumption
c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
d) Transport against concentration gradient
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
a) Plasma protein binding degree of substance
b) Permeability through the brain-blood barrier
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
d) Amount of a substance in urine relative to the initial doze
09. The reasons determing bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters of blood
b) Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption and hepatic first-pass effect
d) Glomerular filtration rate
10. Pick out the appropriate alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral
b) Transdermal
c) Rectal
d) Intraduodenal
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual
, 7
b) Oral
c) Intravenous
d) Intramuscular
12. What is characteristic of the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect
b) Absorption depends on GI tract secretion and motor function
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a) Pretty fast absorption
b) A drug is exposed to gastric secretion
c) A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
14. Pick out the parenteral route of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal
b) Oral
c) Sublingual
d) Inhalation
15. Parenteral administration:
a) Cannot be used with unconsciousness patients
b) Generally results in a less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a more rapid response than oral administration
d) Is too slow for emergency use
16. What is characteristic of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions can be injected
b) Oily solutions can be injected
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
d) The action develops slower, than at oral administration
17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True
b) False
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation
d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True
b) False
20. Biological barriers include all except:
a) Renal tubules
b) Cell membranes
c) Capillary walls
d) Placenta
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of a drug
b) Meningitis
c) Absence of pores in the brain capillary endothelium
d) High endocytosis degree in a brain capillary
22. The volume of distribution (Vd) relates:
a) Single to a daily dose of an administrated drug
b) An administrated dose to a body weight
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d) The amount of a drug in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
a) Concentration of a substance in plasma
b) Concentration of substance in urine
c) Therapeutical width of drug action
d) A daily dose of drug
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
widely distributing in plasma, interstitial and cell fluids:
MCQs IN PHARMACOLOGY 2026/2027
(EXAM PREP)ALL CHAPTERS COVERED
Contents
Chapter Pages
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ......................................................................................................................................... 5
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS ..................................................................................................................................... 8
(2) AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM .................. 12
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS ............................................................................................................................................... 12
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................................... 16
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS................................................................................................................... 19
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS ................................................................................................................ 24
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR ANTAGONIST DRUGS ................................................................................................................. 29
(3) AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS .................................................................................................................................................... 34
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS .............................................................................................................................................. 38
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS ................................................................................................................................. 41
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL................................................................................................................................................... 44
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS.......................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ................................................................................................................................ 49
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 51
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS.................................................................................................................................. 54
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE .................................................................................................................................................. 63
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ....................................................................................................................................... 65
(4) ORGANOTROPIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ................................................................................................................ 68
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES ........................................................................................................ 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ......................................................................................................... 73
PART IV DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF COAGULATION....................................................................................................... 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE .................................................................................................. 76
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS ................................................................................................................................... 78
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA PECTORIS TREATMENT ........................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS ................................................................................................................................ 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 85
(5) METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 88
PART I HYPOTHALAMIC & PITUITARY HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS........................................................ 88
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS................................................................................................. 91
PART III THE GONADAL HORMONES & INHIBITORS............................................................................................................. 93
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID, STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS ................................................ 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC & ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................ 98
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ......................................... 104
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT .................................................... 110
PART VIII AGENTS THAT AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS .................................................................................... 114
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID, MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ......................... 120
(6) CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
PART I ANTIBIOTICS ..................................................................................................................................................... 124
PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS........................................................................................................ 129
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS.................................................................................... 132
, 5
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER ................................................... 135
, 6
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
01. Pharmacokinetics is:
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methods of new drug development
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Complications of drug therapy
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on genes
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
c) Chemical structure of a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs in the organism
03. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug action
c) Excretion of substances
d) Interaction of substances
04. The main mechanism of most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
05. What kind of substances can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
a) Lipid-soluble
b) Non-ionized substances
c) Hydrophobic substances
d) Hydrophilic substances
06. A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property:
a) Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
d) High reabsorption in renal tubules
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
b) Transport without energy consumption
c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
d) Transport against concentration gradient
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
a) Plasma protein binding degree of substance
b) Permeability through the brain-blood barrier
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
d) Amount of a substance in urine relative to the initial doze
09. The reasons determing bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters of blood
b) Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption and hepatic first-pass effect
d) Glomerular filtration rate
10. Pick out the appropriate alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral
b) Transdermal
c) Rectal
d) Intraduodenal
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual
, 7
b) Oral
c) Intravenous
d) Intramuscular
12. What is characteristic of the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect
b) Absorption depends on GI tract secretion and motor function
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a) Pretty fast absorption
b) A drug is exposed to gastric secretion
c) A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
14. Pick out the parenteral route of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal
b) Oral
c) Sublingual
d) Inhalation
15. Parenteral administration:
a) Cannot be used with unconsciousness patients
b) Generally results in a less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a more rapid response than oral administration
d) Is too slow for emergency use
16. What is characteristic of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions can be injected
b) Oily solutions can be injected
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
d) The action develops slower, than at oral administration
17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True
b) False
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation
d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True
b) False
20. Biological barriers include all except:
a) Renal tubules
b) Cell membranes
c) Capillary walls
d) Placenta
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of a drug
b) Meningitis
c) Absence of pores in the brain capillary endothelium
d) High endocytosis degree in a brain capillary
22. The volume of distribution (Vd) relates:
a) Single to a daily dose of an administrated drug
b) An administrated dose to a body weight
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d) The amount of a drug in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
a) Concentration of a substance in plasma
b) Concentration of substance in urine
c) Therapeutical width of drug action
d) A daily dose of drug
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
widely distributing in plasma, interstitial and cell fluids:
