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FINAL EXAM HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Questions and Answers (100%
Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
_______ release cytokines to inhibit immune cells from
attacking its own tissues and prevent Autoimmune diseases.
© 2026 Assignment
Ans: regulatory t cells
________ are expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells and B
Guru01 - Stuvia
cells in the blood and interstitial fluid Ans: Major
Expert
Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) II
______ are expressed on nucleated cells surface, antigens help
T-cell identify and bind and send out cytokine messages Ans:
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) I
Which of these statements about class-2 MHC molecules is
false? Ans: They are required for B cell activation by a foreign
antigen
what is homeostasis? Ans: state of dynamic constancy in
internal environment
what is set point? Ans: value which variable operate optimally
what is a negative feedback loop? Ans: sensors in body are
stimulated by change; sensor sends info to control (nervous
system) to assess and change around set point; effector/place
in body makes adjustment to counteract change
, 2
what is the integumentary system? Ans: encloses internal
membranes, has many sensory receptors (ex. Hair, skin, nails)
what is the skeletal system? Ans: body movement and support,
works with muscle (ex. Cartilage, bones, joints)
what is the muscular system? Ans: body temperature and
movement, works with skeletal (ex. tendons)
what is the nervous system? Ans: detects/processes sensory
© 2026 Assignment
info, activates bodily responses (ex. brain, spinal cord,
peripheral nerves)
Guru01 - Stuvia
what is the endocrine system? Ans: secretes hormones and
Expert
regulates bodily processes (ex. ovaries, pituitary, thyroid,
adrenal glands, testes, pancreas)
what is the cardiovascular/circulatory system? Ans: transports
O2/CO2, digestion, waste, and nutrients in tissues, equalizes
body temperature (ex. heart and blood vessels)
what is the lymphatic system? Ans: defends against
pathogens, returns fluid to blood (ex. thymus, spleen, lymph
nodes)
what is the respiratory system? Ans: removes CO2 from body,
delivers O2 in blood (ex. nasal passage, trachea, lungs)
what is the digestive system? Ans: processes food using
enzymes and bile salts, removes undigested food through
waste (ex. stomach, small/large intestine, gallbladder, liver)
what is the urinary system? Ans: water balance, removes blood
waste and excretes them (ex. kidneys, bladder)
, 3
what is the male reproductive system? Ans: sex hormones and
gametes (ex. epididymis, testes)
what is the female reproductive system? Ans: sex hormones
and gametes; supports embryo/fetus/milk for infants (ex.
uterus, ovaries, mammary glands)
what is active transport? Ans: energy (ATP) pumps
ions/molecules against gradient
© 2026 Assignment
what is primary active transport? Ans: the process in which
energy (ATP) is directly used to move against a concentration
gradient; enzyme-activated and always pumping
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
what is secondary active transport? Ans: the use of the
electrochemical gradient of one molecule to move a second
molecule; auxiliary channels
what are leak channels? Ans: consistently open to allow small
continuous flow to stabilize pressure gradient
what is facilitated diffusion? Ans: The passive movement of a
particle across a cell membrane via a channel protein from
high to low gradient
how is an action potential produced? Ans: stimulus; threshold
reached; depolarization from Na+ flowing in; repolarization
from K+ moving out; hyperpolarization causes negative
potential; returned to threshold
what is a voltage gated channel? Ans: opens at negative values,
responds faster to threshold, specific to ion, depolarizes
membrane
FINAL EXAM HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Questions and Answers (100%
Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
_______ release cytokines to inhibit immune cells from
attacking its own tissues and prevent Autoimmune diseases.
© 2026 Assignment
Ans: regulatory t cells
________ are expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells and B
Guru01 - Stuvia
cells in the blood and interstitial fluid Ans: Major
Expert
Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) II
______ are expressed on nucleated cells surface, antigens help
T-cell identify and bind and send out cytokine messages Ans:
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) I
Which of these statements about class-2 MHC molecules is
false? Ans: They are required for B cell activation by a foreign
antigen
what is homeostasis? Ans: state of dynamic constancy in
internal environment
what is set point? Ans: value which variable operate optimally
what is a negative feedback loop? Ans: sensors in body are
stimulated by change; sensor sends info to control (nervous
system) to assess and change around set point; effector/place
in body makes adjustment to counteract change
, 2
what is the integumentary system? Ans: encloses internal
membranes, has many sensory receptors (ex. Hair, skin, nails)
what is the skeletal system? Ans: body movement and support,
works with muscle (ex. Cartilage, bones, joints)
what is the muscular system? Ans: body temperature and
movement, works with skeletal (ex. tendons)
what is the nervous system? Ans: detects/processes sensory
© 2026 Assignment
info, activates bodily responses (ex. brain, spinal cord,
peripheral nerves)
Guru01 - Stuvia
what is the endocrine system? Ans: secretes hormones and
Expert
regulates bodily processes (ex. ovaries, pituitary, thyroid,
adrenal glands, testes, pancreas)
what is the cardiovascular/circulatory system? Ans: transports
O2/CO2, digestion, waste, and nutrients in tissues, equalizes
body temperature (ex. heart and blood vessels)
what is the lymphatic system? Ans: defends against
pathogens, returns fluid to blood (ex. thymus, spleen, lymph
nodes)
what is the respiratory system? Ans: removes CO2 from body,
delivers O2 in blood (ex. nasal passage, trachea, lungs)
what is the digestive system? Ans: processes food using
enzymes and bile salts, removes undigested food through
waste (ex. stomach, small/large intestine, gallbladder, liver)
what is the urinary system? Ans: water balance, removes blood
waste and excretes them (ex. kidneys, bladder)
, 3
what is the male reproductive system? Ans: sex hormones and
gametes (ex. epididymis, testes)
what is the female reproductive system? Ans: sex hormones
and gametes; supports embryo/fetus/milk for infants (ex.
uterus, ovaries, mammary glands)
what is active transport? Ans: energy (ATP) pumps
ions/molecules against gradient
© 2026 Assignment
what is primary active transport? Ans: the process in which
energy (ATP) is directly used to move against a concentration
gradient; enzyme-activated and always pumping
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
what is secondary active transport? Ans: the use of the
electrochemical gradient of one molecule to move a second
molecule; auxiliary channels
what are leak channels? Ans: consistently open to allow small
continuous flow to stabilize pressure gradient
what is facilitated diffusion? Ans: The passive movement of a
particle across a cell membrane via a channel protein from
high to low gradient
how is an action potential produced? Ans: stimulus; threshold
reached; depolarization from Na+ flowing in; repolarization
from K+ moving out; hyperpolarization causes negative
potential; returned to threshold
what is a voltage gated channel? Ans: opens at negative values,
responds faster to threshold, specific to ion, depolarizes
membrane
