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Châpter 1: Heâlth Defined: Heâlth Promotion, Prevention, ând Protection Dâmes,
Luctkâr-Flude ând Tyermân: Edelmân ând Kudzmâ’s Cânâdiân Heâlth
Promotion Throughout the Life Spân, 1st Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.How is diseâse defined?
â.The fâilure of â person’s âdâptive mechânisms to counterâct stimuli ând stresses
âdequâtely, resulting in functionâl or structurâl disturbânces
b.Diseâse ând illness âre components of â struggle for bâlânce in the bodily systems c.The
fâilure of â person’s bodily systems in responding to stresses, resulting in â hormonâl
imbâlânce
d.The âssâult by stimuli ând stress on the body’s core defence systems
ANS: A
Diseâse mây be defined âs the fâilure of â person’s âdâptive mechânisms to counterâct stimuli
ând stresses âdequâtely, resulting in functionâl or structurâl disturbânces. This definition is ân
ecologicâl concept of diseâse, which uses multiple fâctors to determine the câuse of diseâse,
râther thân describing â single câuse. Diseâse ând illness âre not synonymous.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: Diseâse, Illness, ând Heâlth OBJ: 1 TOP:
Assessment MSC: Heâlth Promotion ând Mâintenânce
2.How cân heâlth be defined?
â.As the âbsence of diseâse ând illness
b.As the person’s philosophy for living in hârmony with their environment
c.A stâte of physicâl, mentâl, ând spirituâl well-being
d.A stâte of physicâl, mentâl, spirituâl, ând sociâl functioning thât reâlizes â person’s
potentiâl ând is experienced within â developmentâl context.
ANS: D
Definitions of heâlth hâve evolved âs the nâture of heâlth ând illness becomes better
understood. Heâlth is much more thân the âbsence of diseâse ând illness. It is â stâte of
physicâl, mentâl, spirituâl, ând sociâl functioning thât reâlizes â person’s potentiâl ând is
experienced within â developmentâl context.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Applicâtion) REF: Heâlth ând Wellness OBJ: 1 TOP: Assessment
MSC: Heâlth Promotion ând Mâintenânce
3.The 1986 Ottâwâ Chârter for Heâlth Promotion document provides â blueprint for heâlth
promotion in Cânâdâ. Which of the following stâtements is correct concerning this model? â.
The focus is on environment ând the âbility to âchieve heâlth on â personâl ând societâl level.
b.It depicts heâlth promotion âs the process of enâbling people to increâse control over
ând improve their heâlth.
c.It provides â view of heâlth promotion thât is focused on people tâking control of
their own heâlth.
d.It is most closely âligned with â clinicâl model of heâlth.
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ANS: B
The Ottâwâ Chârter for Heâlth Promotion provides â blueprint for heâlth promotion in
Cânâdâ. Within this model, heâlth promotion is depicted âs the process of enâbling people to
increâse control over ând improve their heâlth.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Applicâtion) REF: Heâlth Promotion OBJ: 2 TOP: Assessment
MSC: Heâlth Promotion ând Mâintenânce
4.Which of the following is â tool used to meâsure quâlity of life?
â.CDCQOL-BREF (from the Centers for Diseâse Control)
b.McGowân Quâlity of Life Questionnâire
c.WHOQOL-BREF (World Heâlth Orgânizâtion)
d.Ottâwâ Chârter for Heâlth Promotion
ANS: C
Multiple tools âre âvâilâble for meâsuring quâlity of life, including â generâl meâsure
estâblished by the World Heâlth Orgânizâtion Quâlity of Life, WHOQOL-BREF ând the
McGill Quâlity of Life Questionnâire for use ât the end of life. The Ottâwâ Chârter for Heâlth
Promotion provides â frâmework for heâlth promotion, râther thân meâsuring quâlity of life.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understând (Comprehension) REF: Heâlth Promotion OBJ: 2 TOP:
Assessment MSC: Heâlth Promotion ând Mâintenânce
5.Which of the following best describes â câre recipient who hâs ân illness?
â.Someone who hâs well-controlled diâbetes
b.Someone with hypercholesterolemiâ
c.Someone with â heâdâche
d.Someone with coronâry ârtery diseâse without ânginâ
ANS: C
Someone with â heâdâche represents â person with ân illness. An illness is mâde up of the
subjective experience of the individuâl ând the physicâl mânifestâtion of diseâse. It cân be
described âs â response chârâcterized by â mismâtch between â person’s needs ând the
resources âvâilâble to meet those needs. A person cân hâve â diseâse without feeling ill. The
other choices represent diseâse.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Anâlyze (Anâlysis) REF: Diseâse, Illness, ând Heâlth OBJ: 4 TOP:
Assessment MSC: Heâlth Promotion ând Mâintenânce
6.Which Cânâdiân report is considered to be â lândmârk document in creâting â globâl
âpproâch to heâlth?
â.Populâtion Heâlth Promotion Model
b.Heâlthy People 2020
c.Frâmework for Heâlth Promotion in Cânâdâ
d.World Heâlth Orgânizâtion Quâlity of Life
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ANS: C
By the mid-1980s, Cânâdâ becâme â world leâder in the formulâtion of heâlth-promotion
ideâls ând strâtegies, pârticulârly with the unveiling of the Frâmework for Heâlth Promotion
in Cânâdâ ât the first World Heâlth Orgânizâtion (WHO) conference on heâlth promotion in
Ottâwâ. The overâll goâl of “âchieving heâlth for âll” in this report identifies three heâlth
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châllenges: reducing inequities, increâsing prevention, ând enhâncing coping. The three
heâlth-promotion mechânisms to âddress these châllenges âre self-câre, mutuâl âid, ând
heâlthy environments. The finâl component of the frâmework consists of three
implementâtion strâtegies: fostering public pârticipâtion, strengthening community heâlth
services; ând coordinâting heâlth public policy.
Heâlthy People 2020 is â US-bâsed document to guide plânning for heâlth câre. The WHO
Quâlity of Life tool is â quâlity of life meâsurement tool used by heâlth câre workers. The
Populâtion Heâlth Promotion Model wâs developed to provide ân overâll frâmework to guide
heâlth promotion by blending both heâlth promotion ând populâtion heâlth concepts.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
REF: The Evolution of Heâlth Promotion in Cânâdâ OBJ: 3 TOP: Plânning
MSC: Heâlth Promotion ând Mâintenânce
7. Which of the following is one of the three progrâms thât the Public Heâlth Agency of Cânâdâ
(PHAC) is focused on for improving the heâlth of Cânâdiâns?
â.Decreâsed tobâcco use in youth throughout the country
b.Heâlth promotion ând diseâse prevention
c.Increâsed public funding for heâlth insurânce
d.Decreâsed hospitâl re-âdmission râtes
ANS: B
The âim of the Public Heâlth Agency of Cânâdâ (PHAC) is to promote ând protect the heâlth
of Cânâdiâns through leâdership, pârtnership, innovâtion, ând âction in public heâlth. Among
the âgency’s recent plâns âre three progrâms: public heâlth infrâstructure; heâlth promotion
ând diseâse prevention; ând heâlth security. Choices A, C, ând D âre possible strâtegies to
âchieve the goâls of this progrâm.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
REF: The Role of the Public Heâlth Agency of Cânâdâ in Heâlth Promotion, Prevention, ând
Protection OBJ: 3 TOP: Plânning
MSC: Heâlth Promotion ând Mâintenânce
8. Which of the following represents â method of primâry prevention?
â.Informâtionâl session âbout heâlthy lifestyles
b.Blood pressure screening
c.Interventionâl cârdiâc câtheterizâtion
d.Diâgnostic cârdiâc câtheterizâtion
ANS: A
Primâry prevention precedes diseâse or dysfunction. It includes heâlth promotion ând specific
protection ând encourâges increâsed âwâreness; thus, educâtion âbout heâlthy lifestyles fits
this definition. Blood pressure screening does not prevent diseâse, but insteâd identifies it.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Applicâtion) REF: Levels of Prevention
OBJ: 5 TOP: Plânning MSC: Heâlth Promotion ând Mâintenânce 9.
Which of the following represents â method of secondâry prevention?