1
BIOS255: Exam 2 Review Questions
and Answers (100% Correct
Answers) Already Graded A+
Arteries Ans: carry blood away from the heart
© 2026 Assignment
oxygenated Ans: Arteries usually (but not always) carry
____________ blood.
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Expert
Veins Ans: carry blood back to the heart, most blood is in
veins
deoxygenated Ans: Veins usually (but not always) carry
_______________ blood.
Vasoconstriction Ans: Narrowing of blood vessels (more
friction against the BV wall, increases BP.
Vasodilation Ans: widening of blood vessels (less friction
against BV wall, decreases BP)
How do blood vessels play a role in maintaining BP? Ans: 1.
Arteries are in charge of compensating for fluctuation in BP via
changing the diameter by vasoconstriction and vasodilation
which is controlled neural or hormonal.
Chemoreceptors Ans: monitor chemical changes in blood (ex.
pH, CO2) carotid bodies and aortic bodies
Baroreceptors Ans: monitor blood pressure changes; negative
response, carotid sinuses
, 2
Factors involved in venous return Ans: 1. Presence of valves
in veins (lower limb)
2. Contraction of sounding muscles creating pumping effects
3. Negative pressure in Thoracic cavity due to respiration.
Respiratory "pump" Ans: pressure changes created during
breathing suck blood toward the heart by squeezing local
veins
© 2026 Assignment
Muscular "pump" Ans: contraction of skeletal muscles "milk"
blood toward the heart
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
Valves Ans: It prevents back flow during venous return.
1. Tunica interna (tunica intima)
2. Tunica media
3. Tunica externa (tunica adventitia) Ans: Three layers of
Blood Vessel Wall (from innermost to outermost)
Tunica interna (tunica intima) Ans: The innermost lining of
the vessel. Consists of simple squamous epithelium called
endothelium.
Tunica media Ans: middle layer of artery; made up of smooth
muscle fibers and thick layer of elastic connective tissue
Tunica externa (tunica adventitia) Ans: Outermost layer
Consists of loose connective tissue that often merges with that
of neighboring blood vessels, nerves, or other organs
, 3
Anchors the vessel and provides passage for small nerves,
lymphatic vessels
Arterioles Ans: smallest of resistance arteries, only 1-3 layers
of muscle.
Elastic/conducting arteries Ans: largest arteries by diameter;
contain more elastic fibers than smooth muscle.
aorta and iliac arteries Ans: They are part of the elastic (large
© 2026 Assignment
arteries).
Muscular/Distributing arteries Ans: contain large amounts of
Guru01 - Stuvia
smooth muscle (also known as distributing arteries), most
Expert
named arteries in the body fall into this category.
Renal, hepatic, and femoral Ans: They are part of
distributing/muscular (medium) arteries.
Aneurysm Ans: is a weak point in the wall of a vessel, bulging
sac that pulsates with each heartbeat.
abdominal aorta, renal arteries, and arterial circle Ans: They
are most common sites of aneurysm.
Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Ans: They are most
common cause of aneurysm.
Capillaries Ans: It connects the smallest arteries to the most
minor veins, forming a circuit. Its diameter is approximately
that of a single red blood cell. This is where the exchange of
fluids, nutrients, and waste occurs. This consists solely of the
tunica intima layer.
BIOS255: Exam 2 Review Questions
and Answers (100% Correct
Answers) Already Graded A+
Arteries Ans: carry blood away from the heart
© 2026 Assignment
oxygenated Ans: Arteries usually (but not always) carry
____________ blood.
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
Veins Ans: carry blood back to the heart, most blood is in
veins
deoxygenated Ans: Veins usually (but not always) carry
_______________ blood.
Vasoconstriction Ans: Narrowing of blood vessels (more
friction against the BV wall, increases BP.
Vasodilation Ans: widening of blood vessels (less friction
against BV wall, decreases BP)
How do blood vessels play a role in maintaining BP? Ans: 1.
Arteries are in charge of compensating for fluctuation in BP via
changing the diameter by vasoconstriction and vasodilation
which is controlled neural or hormonal.
Chemoreceptors Ans: monitor chemical changes in blood (ex.
pH, CO2) carotid bodies and aortic bodies
Baroreceptors Ans: monitor blood pressure changes; negative
response, carotid sinuses
, 2
Factors involved in venous return Ans: 1. Presence of valves
in veins (lower limb)
2. Contraction of sounding muscles creating pumping effects
3. Negative pressure in Thoracic cavity due to respiration.
Respiratory "pump" Ans: pressure changes created during
breathing suck blood toward the heart by squeezing local
veins
© 2026 Assignment
Muscular "pump" Ans: contraction of skeletal muscles "milk"
blood toward the heart
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
Valves Ans: It prevents back flow during venous return.
1. Tunica interna (tunica intima)
2. Tunica media
3. Tunica externa (tunica adventitia) Ans: Three layers of
Blood Vessel Wall (from innermost to outermost)
Tunica interna (tunica intima) Ans: The innermost lining of
the vessel. Consists of simple squamous epithelium called
endothelium.
Tunica media Ans: middle layer of artery; made up of smooth
muscle fibers and thick layer of elastic connective tissue
Tunica externa (tunica adventitia) Ans: Outermost layer
Consists of loose connective tissue that often merges with that
of neighboring blood vessels, nerves, or other organs
, 3
Anchors the vessel and provides passage for small nerves,
lymphatic vessels
Arterioles Ans: smallest of resistance arteries, only 1-3 layers
of muscle.
Elastic/conducting arteries Ans: largest arteries by diameter;
contain more elastic fibers than smooth muscle.
aorta and iliac arteries Ans: They are part of the elastic (large
© 2026 Assignment
arteries).
Muscular/Distributing arteries Ans: contain large amounts of
Guru01 - Stuvia
smooth muscle (also known as distributing arteries), most
Expert
named arteries in the body fall into this category.
Renal, hepatic, and femoral Ans: They are part of
distributing/muscular (medium) arteries.
Aneurysm Ans: is a weak point in the wall of a vessel, bulging
sac that pulsates with each heartbeat.
abdominal aorta, renal arteries, and arterial circle Ans: They
are most common sites of aneurysm.
Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Ans: They are most
common cause of aneurysm.
Capillaries Ans: It connects the smallest arteries to the most
minor veins, forming a circuit. Its diameter is approximately
that of a single red blood cell. This is where the exchange of
fluids, nutrients, and waste occurs. This consists solely of the
tunica intima layer.
