1
BIOS256 Exam 2 Review Questions
and Answers (100% Correct
Answers) Already Graded A+
Nutrient Ans: Any ingested chemical used for growth, repair,
or maintenance of the body.
© 2026 Assignment
Macronutrients Ans: Must be consumed in relatively large
quantities. Water, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Proteins
Guru01 - Stuvia
can be completed or incomplete.
Expert
Micronutrients Ans: only small quantities are required.
Vitamins and minerals - neither are used as fuel, both are
essential to our ability to use other nutrients.
Essential Nutrients Ans: There are 45–50 ________________ that
cannot be made in adequate quantities by the body, so we
must consume them in our diet. (e.g., carbohydrates, water,
sodium)
Nonessential Nutrients Ans: can be produced by the body
(e.g., Vitamin D, vitamin K)
Carbohydrates Ans: Source of fuel. Structural components of
other molecules including nucleic acids, glycoproteins,
glycolipids, ATP, and related nucleotides.
Insulin and glucagon Ans: Plasma glucose concentration is
carefully regulated by what hormones?
Lipids Ans: Polymers of fatty acids and glycerol
, 2
130g; 120g Ans: Since carbohydrates are oxidized so rapidly,
they are required in greater amounts than any other nutrient.
RDA (required daily amount) is ______, brain alone consumes
about _________ of glucose per day.
Triglycerides Ans: Dietary fat that servs as energy storage.
Fatty acids Ans: Source of energy; precursor to triglycerides
Phospholipids Ans: Component of cellular membranes.
© 2026 Assignment
Steroids Ans: Cholesterol used to develop steroid hormones.
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
Glycolipids Ans: Signaling molecules for cellular recognition.
Functions of Proteins Ans: 1. muscle contraction
2. Structural components (e.g., keratin, collagen)
3. Globular proteins
4. Plasma proteins
5. Buffer pH of body fluids
Contribute to resting membrane potentials of all cells.
45-56 g/day Ans: Required daily amount of proteins.
Minerals Ans: Inorganic elements that plants extract from soil
or water and introduce into the food web.
Vitamins Ans: small dietary compounds that are necessary
for metabolism.
, 3
Water-soluble vitamins Ans: absorbed with water in the small
intestine and quickly excreted by kidneys; not stored. (e.g.
Vitamin C, Vitamin B)
Vitamin C Ans: Promotes hemoglobin synthesis, collagen
synthesis, and sound connective tissue structure.
B vitamins Ans: Assist enzymes by transferring electrons
from one metabolic reaction to another.
© 2026 Assignment
Fat-soluble vitamins Ans: Absorbed with dietary lipids.
Vitamin A, D, E, K
Guru01 - Stuvia
Vitamin A Ans: component of visual pigments
Expert
Vitamin D Ans: Promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption
and bone mineralization.
Vitamin K Ans: Essential for prothrombin synthesis and blood
clotting.
Vitamins A and E Ans: An antioxidant vitamins
Major minerals; Trace minerals Ans: Minerals constitute
about 4% of the body mass. ______________ required
>100mg/day, _____________ required <100mg/day.
Calcium Ans: A major minerals, its functions is for bone and
teeth structure, muscle contraction, blood pressure, clotting,
neurotransmitter release. (e.g. dairy products, legumes, tofu,
green vegetables)
Sodium Ans: A major minerals, its function is to maintain
fluid and electrolyte balance, muscle contraction, and nerve
impulses.
BIOS256 Exam 2 Review Questions
and Answers (100% Correct
Answers) Already Graded A+
Nutrient Ans: Any ingested chemical used for growth, repair,
or maintenance of the body.
© 2026 Assignment
Macronutrients Ans: Must be consumed in relatively large
quantities. Water, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Proteins
Guru01 - Stuvia
can be completed or incomplete.
Expert
Micronutrients Ans: only small quantities are required.
Vitamins and minerals - neither are used as fuel, both are
essential to our ability to use other nutrients.
Essential Nutrients Ans: There are 45–50 ________________ that
cannot be made in adequate quantities by the body, so we
must consume them in our diet. (e.g., carbohydrates, water,
sodium)
Nonessential Nutrients Ans: can be produced by the body
(e.g., Vitamin D, vitamin K)
Carbohydrates Ans: Source of fuel. Structural components of
other molecules including nucleic acids, glycoproteins,
glycolipids, ATP, and related nucleotides.
Insulin and glucagon Ans: Plasma glucose concentration is
carefully regulated by what hormones?
Lipids Ans: Polymers of fatty acids and glycerol
, 2
130g; 120g Ans: Since carbohydrates are oxidized so rapidly,
they are required in greater amounts than any other nutrient.
RDA (required daily amount) is ______, brain alone consumes
about _________ of glucose per day.
Triglycerides Ans: Dietary fat that servs as energy storage.
Fatty acids Ans: Source of energy; precursor to triglycerides
Phospholipids Ans: Component of cellular membranes.
© 2026 Assignment
Steroids Ans: Cholesterol used to develop steroid hormones.
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
Glycolipids Ans: Signaling molecules for cellular recognition.
Functions of Proteins Ans: 1. muscle contraction
2. Structural components (e.g., keratin, collagen)
3. Globular proteins
4. Plasma proteins
5. Buffer pH of body fluids
Contribute to resting membrane potentials of all cells.
45-56 g/day Ans: Required daily amount of proteins.
Minerals Ans: Inorganic elements that plants extract from soil
or water and introduce into the food web.
Vitamins Ans: small dietary compounds that are necessary
for metabolism.
, 3
Water-soluble vitamins Ans: absorbed with water in the small
intestine and quickly excreted by kidneys; not stored. (e.g.
Vitamin C, Vitamin B)
Vitamin C Ans: Promotes hemoglobin synthesis, collagen
synthesis, and sound connective tissue structure.
B vitamins Ans: Assist enzymes by transferring electrons
from one metabolic reaction to another.
© 2026 Assignment
Fat-soluble vitamins Ans: Absorbed with dietary lipids.
Vitamin A, D, E, K
Guru01 - Stuvia
Vitamin A Ans: component of visual pigments
Expert
Vitamin D Ans: Promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption
and bone mineralization.
Vitamin K Ans: Essential for prothrombin synthesis and blood
clotting.
Vitamins A and E Ans: An antioxidant vitamins
Major minerals; Trace minerals Ans: Minerals constitute
about 4% of the body mass. ______________ required
>100mg/day, _____________ required <100mg/day.
Calcium Ans: A major minerals, its functions is for bone and
teeth structure, muscle contraction, blood pressure, clotting,
neurotransmitter release. (e.g. dairy products, legumes, tofu,
green vegetables)
Sodium Ans: A major minerals, its function is to maintain
fluid and electrolyte balance, muscle contraction, and nerve
impulses.
