1
Acne, Rosacea, Photoaging, Actinic
Keratosis, Atopic Dermatitis
Questions and Answers (100%
Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
Acne: epidemiology Ans: - chronic
© 2026 Assignment
- most common
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
- 90% prevalence
- if untreated - scars and dyspigmentation
- genetic component
- more common in western communities (glycemic diet)
- emotional burden
Acne: pathophysiology Ans: - increased sebum
- change in keratinization process
- bacteria: propinonibacterium acnes
- inflammation takes over irrespective to bacteria
- starts w/ immune response to P. acnes
, 2
- sebaceous glands grow in size and activity (hypersensitivity
to endogenous androgens)
Acne: pathophysiology mediators in acne Ans: - peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptors
- retiniod x receptors
- sterol response element-binding proteins
© 2026 Assignment
- insulin-like growth factor-1
Guru01 - Stuvia
- neuropeptides
Expert
- alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone
- corticotropin-releasing hormone R1
Acne: etiology Ans: - heat/humidity
- pressure friction
-- helmets, pillows, hats, over scrubbing
- long hair/hair gel
- worse in winter
- anger
- stress (hormones, picking, formication)
- triggers and food
, 3
Types of Acne: inflammatory Ans: - often comes from
noninflammatory
- pustule (self-limiting)
-- red, white, pus, superficial
- nodule
-- most severe, deep, warm, tender, firm
© 2026 Assignment
- cyst
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
-- double comedones
Types of Acne: noninflammatory Ans: open comedone:
- blackhead
- not likely to burst
Closed comedone
- white head
- may burst
Acne classification FDA Ans: type 1:
- almost clear, rare non inflammatory lesions (NIL) w/ no more
than 1 papule
type 2:
, 4
- mild, some NIL but no more than a few papules/pustules
type 3:
- moderate, many NIL, some ILs, no more than 1 nodule
type 4:
- severe, up to many NIL and IL but no more than a few nodular
leisons
© 2026 Assignment
Drug induced Acne Ans: - systemic steroids (worsens with
Guru01 - Stuvia
removal of chronic steroid)
Expert
- topical steroids (NOT hydrocortisone)
- antiepileptics
- tuberculostatics
- lithium
- cobalt
- iodine
- chlorine
- cosmetics
Acne: expectations of treatment Ans: - treat chronically
Acne, Rosacea, Photoaging, Actinic
Keratosis, Atopic Dermatitis
Questions and Answers (100%
Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
Acne: epidemiology Ans: - chronic
© 2026 Assignment
- most common
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
- 90% prevalence
- if untreated - scars and dyspigmentation
- genetic component
- more common in western communities (glycemic diet)
- emotional burden
Acne: pathophysiology Ans: - increased sebum
- change in keratinization process
- bacteria: propinonibacterium acnes
- inflammation takes over irrespective to bacteria
- starts w/ immune response to P. acnes
, 2
- sebaceous glands grow in size and activity (hypersensitivity
to endogenous androgens)
Acne: pathophysiology mediators in acne Ans: - peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptors
- retiniod x receptors
- sterol response element-binding proteins
© 2026 Assignment
- insulin-like growth factor-1
Guru01 - Stuvia
- neuropeptides
Expert
- alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone
- corticotropin-releasing hormone R1
Acne: etiology Ans: - heat/humidity
- pressure friction
-- helmets, pillows, hats, over scrubbing
- long hair/hair gel
- worse in winter
- anger
- stress (hormones, picking, formication)
- triggers and food
, 3
Types of Acne: inflammatory Ans: - often comes from
noninflammatory
- pustule (self-limiting)
-- red, white, pus, superficial
- nodule
-- most severe, deep, warm, tender, firm
© 2026 Assignment
- cyst
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
-- double comedones
Types of Acne: noninflammatory Ans: open comedone:
- blackhead
- not likely to burst
Closed comedone
- white head
- may burst
Acne classification FDA Ans: type 1:
- almost clear, rare non inflammatory lesions (NIL) w/ no more
than 1 papule
type 2:
, 4
- mild, some NIL but no more than a few papules/pustules
type 3:
- moderate, many NIL, some ILs, no more than 1 nodule
type 4:
- severe, up to many NIL and IL but no more than a few nodular
leisons
© 2026 Assignment
Drug induced Acne Ans: - systemic steroids (worsens with
Guru01 - Stuvia
removal of chronic steroid)
Expert
- topical steroids (NOT hydrocortisone)
- antiepileptics
- tuberculostatics
- lithium
- cobalt
- iodine
- chlorine
- cosmetics
Acne: expectations of treatment Ans: - treat chronically
