BIO 110 Test 1: Chapters 1, 2, and 3- exam questions with correct detailed answers.

The smallest unit of a substance; they and the fundamental particles that compose them are the building blocks of matter: - correct answers Atom. Two or more atoms bonded together: - correct answers Molecule. The smallest unit of life: - correct answers Cell. In multicelled organisms, specialiszed cells organized in a pattern that allows them to perform collective function: - correct answers Tissue. In multicelled organisms, a structure that consists of tissues engaged in a collective task: - correct answers Organ. In multicelled organisms, set of interacting organs that carry out a particular body function: - correct answers Organ system. Individual that consists of one or more cells: - correct answers Multicelled organism. Group of interbreeding individuals of the same species in a defined area: - correct answers Population. All populations of all species in a defined area: - correct answers Community. A community interacting with its environment: - correct answers Ecosystem. All regions of Earth where organisms live: - correct answers Biosphere. Identify the levels of life's organization: - correct answers 1) Atom 2) Molecule 3) Cell 4) Tissue 5) Organ 6) Organ system 7) Multicelled organism 8) Population 9) Community 10) Ecosystem 11) Biosphere Substance that an organism acquires from the environment to support growth and survival: - correct answers Nutrient. Organism that makes its own food using energy and nonbiological raw materials from the environment: - correct answers Producer. Process by which producers use light energy to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water: - correct answers Photosynthesis. Organism that gets energy and nutrients by feeding on tissues, wastes, or remains of other organisms: - correct answers Consumer. Process in which organisms keep their internal conditions within tolerable ranges by sensing and responding appropriately to change: - correct answers Homeostasis. Process by which the first cell of a multicelled organism gives rise to a multicelled adult: - correct answers Development. In multicelled species, an increase in the number, size, and volume of cells: - correct answers Growth. Process by which organisms produce offspring: - correct answers Reproduction. Transmission of DNA to offspring: - correct answers Inheritance. Single-celled organism without a nucleus: - correct answers Prokaryote. Bacteria and archaea are examples of _____________________. - correct answers Prokaryotes. Organism whose cells characteristically have a nucleus. - correct answers Eukaryote. Protists, plants, fungi, and animals are examples of _______________. - correct answers Eukaryotes. Seaweed is a ____(a)______karyote, and fits into the _______(b)________ group of specific examples. - correct answers Seaweed is a EUkaryote, and fits into the PROTIST group of specific examples. A tree is a _____(a)_____karyote, and fits into the _____(b)_____ group of specific examples. - correct answers A tree is a EUkaryote, and fits into the PLANT group of specific examples. A Dalmatian puppy is a _____(a)_____karyote, and fits into the ____(b)_____ group of specific examples. - correct answers A Dalmatian puppy is a EUkaryote, and fits into the ANIMALS group of scpecific examples. A mushroom is a _____(a)_____karyote, and fits into the _____(b)_____ group of specific examples. - correct answers A mushroom is a EUkaryote, and fits into the FUNGI group of specific examples. Naming and classifying species in a systematic way: - correct answers Taxonomy. What is the goal of taxonomy? - correct answers The goal of taxonomy is to allow for an easier and more consistent way of naming species. List the levels of taxonomy in order from most inclusive to most specific: - correct answers 1) Domain 2) Kingdom 3) Phylum (plural: Phyla) 4) Class 5) Order 6) Family 7) Genus Name the 3 domains of life: - correct answers 1) Archaea 2) Eukarya 3) Bacteria Is the archaea domain of life eukaryotic or prokaryotic? - correct answers Prokaryotic; single cells, no nucleus. Evolutionarily closer to eukaryotes than to bacteria. Is the Eukarya domain of life eukaryotic or prokaryotic? - correct answers Eukaryotic; eukaryotic cells with a nucleus. Includes single-celled and multicelled species of protists, plants, fungi, and animals. Is the bacteria domain of life eukaryotic or prokaryotic? - correct answers Prokaryotic; single cells, no nucleus. The deliberate process of judging the quality of information before accepting it; evaluating information before accepting it: - correct answers Critical thinking. The scientific study of life: - correct answers Biology. What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning? - correct answers -When using deductive reasoning, you use a general idea to make a conclusion. -When using inductive reasoning, you draw a conclusion based on observations. In an experiment, a characteristic or event that differs among individuals or overtime: - correct answers Variable. Variable that is controlled by an experiment in order to explore its relationship to a dependent variable: - correct answers Independent variable. In an experiment, a variable that is presumably affected by an independent variable being tested: - correct answers Dependent variable. In an experiment, a group of individuals who have a certain characteristic or receive a certain treatment: - correct answers Experimental group. Group of individuals identical to an experimental group except for the independent variable under investigation: - correct answers Control group. Experimental results: - correct answers Data. What is the difference between a HYPOTHESIS and a PREDICTION?? - correct answers -A PREDICTION is a statement of some condition that should occur if the hypothesis is correct, comes next. Ex) "If the number of birds is decreasing because the number of cats is increasing, then removing cats from the area should stop the decline." -A HYPOTHESIS is a testable explanation for a natural phenomenon. Ex) "The number of birds is decreasing because the number of cats is increasing." List the steps of the scientific method, in order: - correct answers 1) OBSERVE some aspect of nature. 2) THINK OF AN EXPLANATION for your observation (in other words, form a hypothesis). 3) EVALUATE THE HYPOTHESIS a) Make a prediction based on the hypothesis (if....then) b) Test the prediction using experiments or surveys c) Analyze the results (data). 4) DECIDE whether the results support your hypothesis or not (form a conclusion) 5) REPORT your experiment, data, and conclusion to the scientific community. Difference between results derived from testing an entire group of events or individuals, and results derived from testing a subset of a group: - correct answers Sampling error. Generalization that describes a consistent natural phenomenon but does not propose a mechanism: - correct answers Law of nature. Hypothesis that has not been falsified after many years of rigorous testing, and is useful for making predictions about a wide range of phenomena: - correct answers Scientific theory. A claim, argument, or method that is presented as if it were science, but is not: - correct answers Pseudoscience. All of the enzyme-mediated reactions in a cell: - correct answers Metabolism. Molecule that consists of repeated monomers: - correct answers Polymer. Molecule that is a subunit of a polymer: - correct answers Monomer. List the four macromolecules of life: - correct answers -Carbohydrates -Lipids -Nucleic acids -Proteins What are the monomers of carbohydrates? - correct answers Monosaccharides.