NR571 final renal UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
Crohn’s disease avoid NSAIDS, smoking, mental health for depression, sulfasalazine is effective,
no metronidazole, antidiarrheals, thiopurines for steroid sparing, Anti-TNFs used
for steroid resistant, (aminosalicylates or budesonide)
chronic kidney disease complications nausea, a build-up of fluid around the heart, nerve problems, seizures, or coma
are complications of
complete kidney failure a kidney transplant, peritoneal dialysis, or hemodialysis in order to properly filter
their blood are requirements of
kidney failure caused is commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes
kidney failure symptoms include swelling of the lower limbs, loss of appetite, electrolyte abnormalities,
and bone disease symptoms of
kidneys function filter blood, fluid levels in balance, vital levels of nutrients stay in the bloodstream,
waste or excess fluid is removed from the blood and excreted as urine.
Kidney description Surrounding protective layer of tissue called the fibrous capsule, Beneath is a
vascularized tissue layer called the renal cortex, Below renal cortex, several renal
pyramids make up the renal medulla, drains urine into a cup-like structure called a
minor calyx description
From the renal pelvis urine enters the ureter at the renal hilum and progresses through the rest of the
urinary system from the
test Kidney function Urine examination, Serum chemistry, Acid-base balance
Tubular function, Glomerular filtration are used
Urinary Examination urine dipstick/urinalysis is useful in differentiating urinary symptom etiology
(dysuria, polyuria, hematuria, etc.) with physical examination.
Urine microscopy specifically when casts are visualized, is highly suggestive of renal disease use
basic metabolic panel (BMP) includes serum glucose, electrolytes, and metabolic waste products what lab
comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) includes the BMP tests PLUS measurements of liver function and blood proteins
what lab
BUN waste product from the breakdown of dietary proteins, removed by the kidneys, a
rough index of glomerular function what lab
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) increase impaired renal function, CHF (decreased renal perfusion), salt and water
depletion, shock, GI hemorrhage, acute MI, stress, exercise, and excessive protein
intake is what lab
, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) decrease Decreased in liver failure, acromegaly, malnutrition, anabolic steroids,
overhydration, malabsorption, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone (SIADH) release
Creatinine (Cr) very specific and sensitive test, better index of glomerular function, reflects
dietary protein intake and creatinine metabolism of skeletal muscle
Creatinine function is released into the circulation at a constant rate (stable plasma concentration),
neither reabsorbed nor metabolized, is freely filtered across the glomerulus. what
lab
Creatinine (Cr) test glomerular filtration rate (GFR) where an elevated creatinine reflects a low GFR,
does not detect early changes in filtration
Creatinine (Cr) increase Increased in impaired renal function, urinary tract obstruction, muscle disease
(acromegaly, myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy, etc.), CHF, shock,
dehydration, and rhabdomyolysis what lab
Creatinine (Cr) decrease Decreased in small stature, decreased muscle mass, severe liver disease,
inadequate dietary, and dietary intake
BUN/Cr Ratio can help determine whether azotemia (elevated BUN or Cr) is due to a pre-renal,
intrinsic, or post-renal source
Azotemia as elevation, or buildup of, nitrogenous products
pre-renal azotemia with hypoperfusion of the kidneys but INTACT tubular function (hypovolemia,
CHF, ascites), the BUN/Cr ratio is > 20 it is known as
BUN/Cr Ratio A low ratio (< 10) suggests an intrinsic source, such as acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is what
Bicarbonate, produced by the kidneys, is considered the blood's primary buffer system and is
crucial in regulating acid-base balance.
increase Blood acidity Retention of respiratory acid, Accumulation of the non-respiratory acids/by-
products of metabolism (metabolic acids) are conditions that cause
(acidosis = low pH) the renal responds by ^ hydrogen ion (H+) secretion, ^ bicarbonate (HCO3-)
production, and reabsorbing (retaining) already filtered HCO3- to maintain the
pH between 7.35-7.45 this response to
(alkalosis = high pH). kidneys decrease H+ secretion and decrease the amount of HCO3- produced and
secreted to bring the pH back within normal limits.
bicarbonate in venous blood (labs) is total carbon dioxide (CO2-) content and represents the
kidney's primary response in balancing the pH what is it
HCO3- on the ABG reflects the lung's primary response in regulating acid-base balance
what is it
Crohn’s disease avoid NSAIDS, smoking, mental health for depression, sulfasalazine is effective,
no metronidazole, antidiarrheals, thiopurines for steroid sparing, Anti-TNFs used
for steroid resistant, (aminosalicylates or budesonide)
chronic kidney disease complications nausea, a build-up of fluid around the heart, nerve problems, seizures, or coma
are complications of
complete kidney failure a kidney transplant, peritoneal dialysis, or hemodialysis in order to properly filter
their blood are requirements of
kidney failure caused is commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes
kidney failure symptoms include swelling of the lower limbs, loss of appetite, electrolyte abnormalities,
and bone disease symptoms of
kidneys function filter blood, fluid levels in balance, vital levels of nutrients stay in the bloodstream,
waste or excess fluid is removed from the blood and excreted as urine.
Kidney description Surrounding protective layer of tissue called the fibrous capsule, Beneath is a
vascularized tissue layer called the renal cortex, Below renal cortex, several renal
pyramids make up the renal medulla, drains urine into a cup-like structure called a
minor calyx description
From the renal pelvis urine enters the ureter at the renal hilum and progresses through the rest of the
urinary system from the
test Kidney function Urine examination, Serum chemistry, Acid-base balance
Tubular function, Glomerular filtration are used
Urinary Examination urine dipstick/urinalysis is useful in differentiating urinary symptom etiology
(dysuria, polyuria, hematuria, etc.) with physical examination.
Urine microscopy specifically when casts are visualized, is highly suggestive of renal disease use
basic metabolic panel (BMP) includes serum glucose, electrolytes, and metabolic waste products what lab
comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) includes the BMP tests PLUS measurements of liver function and blood proteins
what lab
BUN waste product from the breakdown of dietary proteins, removed by the kidneys, a
rough index of glomerular function what lab
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) increase impaired renal function, CHF (decreased renal perfusion), salt and water
depletion, shock, GI hemorrhage, acute MI, stress, exercise, and excessive protein
intake is what lab
, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) decrease Decreased in liver failure, acromegaly, malnutrition, anabolic steroids,
overhydration, malabsorption, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone (SIADH) release
Creatinine (Cr) very specific and sensitive test, better index of glomerular function, reflects
dietary protein intake and creatinine metabolism of skeletal muscle
Creatinine function is released into the circulation at a constant rate (stable plasma concentration),
neither reabsorbed nor metabolized, is freely filtered across the glomerulus. what
lab
Creatinine (Cr) test glomerular filtration rate (GFR) where an elevated creatinine reflects a low GFR,
does not detect early changes in filtration
Creatinine (Cr) increase Increased in impaired renal function, urinary tract obstruction, muscle disease
(acromegaly, myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy, etc.), CHF, shock,
dehydration, and rhabdomyolysis what lab
Creatinine (Cr) decrease Decreased in small stature, decreased muscle mass, severe liver disease,
inadequate dietary, and dietary intake
BUN/Cr Ratio can help determine whether azotemia (elevated BUN or Cr) is due to a pre-renal,
intrinsic, or post-renal source
Azotemia as elevation, or buildup of, nitrogenous products
pre-renal azotemia with hypoperfusion of the kidneys but INTACT tubular function (hypovolemia,
CHF, ascites), the BUN/Cr ratio is > 20 it is known as
BUN/Cr Ratio A low ratio (< 10) suggests an intrinsic source, such as acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is what
Bicarbonate, produced by the kidneys, is considered the blood's primary buffer system and is
crucial in regulating acid-base balance.
increase Blood acidity Retention of respiratory acid, Accumulation of the non-respiratory acids/by-
products of metabolism (metabolic acids) are conditions that cause
(acidosis = low pH) the renal responds by ^ hydrogen ion (H+) secretion, ^ bicarbonate (HCO3-)
production, and reabsorbing (retaining) already filtered HCO3- to maintain the
pH between 7.35-7.45 this response to
(alkalosis = high pH). kidneys decrease H+ secretion and decrease the amount of HCO3- produced and
secreted to bring the pH back within normal limits.
bicarbonate in venous blood (labs) is total carbon dioxide (CO2-) content and represents the
kidney's primary response in balancing the pH what is it
HCO3- on the ABG reflects the lung's primary response in regulating acid-base balance
what is it
