,Brief Contents
Chapter 1 Human Biology, Science, and Society 2
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Living Things 24
Chapter 3 Structure and Function of Cells 50
Chapter 4 From Cells to Organ Systems 80
Chapter 5 The Skeletal System 102
Chapter 6 The Muscular System 122
Chapter 7 Blood 142
Chapter 8 Heart and Blood Vessels 162
Chapter 9 The Immune System and Mechanisms of Defense 188
Chapter 10 The Respiratory System: Exchange of Gases 218
Chapter 11 The Nervous System: Integration and Control 242
Chapter 12 Sensory Mechanisms 274
Chapter 13 The Endocrine System 300
Chapter 14 The Digestive System and Nutrition 324
Chapter 15 The Urinary System 354
Chapter 16 Reproductive Systems 376
Chapter 17 Cell Reproduction and Differentiation 404
Chapter 18 Cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Division and Differentiation 426
Chapter 19 Genetics and Inheritance 446
Chapter 20 DNA Technology and Genetic Engineering 468
Chapter 21 Development and Aging 484
Chapter 22 Evolution and the Origins of Life 508
Chapter 23 Ecosystems and Populations 526
Chapter 24 Human Impacts, Biodiversity, and Environmental Issues 544
,Human
Biology
Concepts and Current Issues
SIXTH EDITION
Michael D. Johnson
Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar
, Editor-in-Chief: Beth Wilbur Senior Production Project Manager:
Executive Director of Development: Shannon Tozier
Deborah Gale Production Service: PreMedia Global
Acquisitions Editor: Becky Ruden Illustrations: Imagineering
Senior Development Editor: Susan Text and Cover Design: tt eye, Tani
Teahan Hasegawa
Associate Editor: Brady Golden Manufacturing Buyer: Michael Penne
Editorial Assistant: Leslie Allen Senior Photo Editor: Donna Kalal
Executive Marketing Manager: Lauren Photo Research: Kristin Piljay
Harp Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix
Senior Media Producer: Color/Hagerstown
Jonathan Ballard Printer and Binder: R.R.
Executive Managing Editor: Erin Gregg Donnelley/Willard
Managing Editor: Michael Early Cover Image: Zap Art/Getty Images
Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with
permission, in this textbook appear on [p. C-1].
Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cum-
mings. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is
protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any
prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s)
to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc.,
Permissions Department, 1900 E. Lake Ave., Glenview, IL 60025. For information regarding
permissions, call (847) 486-2635.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are
claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was
aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Johnson, Michael D., 1948–
Human biology : concepts and current issues / Michael D. Johnson.—6th ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-321-70167-1 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-321-70167-4 (alk. paper)
1. Human biology—Textbooks. I. Title.
QP34.5.J645 2012
612—dc22
2010046361
ISBN 10: 0-321-70167-4; ISBN 13: 978-0-321-70167-1 (Student edition)
ISBN 10: 0-321-74347-4; ISBN 13: 978-0-321-74347-3 (Exam copy)
ISBN 10: 0-321-75035-7; ISBN 13: 978-0-321-75035-8 (Books a la Carte)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10—DOW—14 13 12 11 10
Chapter 1 Human Biology, Science, and Society 2
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Living Things 24
Chapter 3 Structure and Function of Cells 50
Chapter 4 From Cells to Organ Systems 80
Chapter 5 The Skeletal System 102
Chapter 6 The Muscular System 122
Chapter 7 Blood 142
Chapter 8 Heart and Blood Vessels 162
Chapter 9 The Immune System and Mechanisms of Defense 188
Chapter 10 The Respiratory System: Exchange of Gases 218
Chapter 11 The Nervous System: Integration and Control 242
Chapter 12 Sensory Mechanisms 274
Chapter 13 The Endocrine System 300
Chapter 14 The Digestive System and Nutrition 324
Chapter 15 The Urinary System 354
Chapter 16 Reproductive Systems 376
Chapter 17 Cell Reproduction and Differentiation 404
Chapter 18 Cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Division and Differentiation 426
Chapter 19 Genetics and Inheritance 446
Chapter 20 DNA Technology and Genetic Engineering 468
Chapter 21 Development and Aging 484
Chapter 22 Evolution and the Origins of Life 508
Chapter 23 Ecosystems and Populations 526
Chapter 24 Human Impacts, Biodiversity, and Environmental Issues 544
,Human
Biology
Concepts and Current Issues
SIXTH EDITION
Michael D. Johnson
Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar
, Editor-in-Chief: Beth Wilbur Senior Production Project Manager:
Executive Director of Development: Shannon Tozier
Deborah Gale Production Service: PreMedia Global
Acquisitions Editor: Becky Ruden Illustrations: Imagineering
Senior Development Editor: Susan Text and Cover Design: tt eye, Tani
Teahan Hasegawa
Associate Editor: Brady Golden Manufacturing Buyer: Michael Penne
Editorial Assistant: Leslie Allen Senior Photo Editor: Donna Kalal
Executive Marketing Manager: Lauren Photo Research: Kristin Piljay
Harp Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix
Senior Media Producer: Color/Hagerstown
Jonathan Ballard Printer and Binder: R.R.
Executive Managing Editor: Erin Gregg Donnelley/Willard
Managing Editor: Michael Early Cover Image: Zap Art/Getty Images
Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with
permission, in this textbook appear on [p. C-1].
Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cum-
mings. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is
protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any
prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s)
to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc.,
Permissions Department, 1900 E. Lake Ave., Glenview, IL 60025. For information regarding
permissions, call (847) 486-2635.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are
claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was
aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Johnson, Michael D., 1948–
Human biology : concepts and current issues / Michael D. Johnson.—6th ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-321-70167-1 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-321-70167-4 (alk. paper)
1. Human biology—Textbooks. I. Title.
QP34.5.J645 2012
612—dc22
2010046361
ISBN 10: 0-321-70167-4; ISBN 13: 978-0-321-70167-1 (Student edition)
ISBN 10: 0-321-74347-4; ISBN 13: 978-0-321-74347-3 (Exam copy)
ISBN 10: 0-321-75035-7; ISBN 13: 978-0-321-75035-8 (Books a la Carte)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10—DOW—14 13 12 11 10
