NR328 Peds Exam I Study Guide{GRADED A PLUS}

Unit 1 Erikson’s Developmental Stages o Infants  Trust VS Mistrust: learning when they cry hopefully someone will respond and they learn they can build trust with caregiver, if it doesn’t happen, mistrust will develop. o Toddlers  Autonomy VS Shame/doubt: toddlers working towards there independence, want to do everything on their own. o Preschoolers  Initiative VS Guilt: trying to find their independence, favorite word “no”. o School-age  Industry VS Inferiority: peer pressure, no afraid of anything, try different things, explore, want to be encouraged. If not they feel like they don’t matter. o Adolescents  Identity VS Role confusion: Trying to find out who they are, where they fit in and are they going to succumb to peer pressure. Importance of Play o Types of play o Infants  Solitary play: They like to play with themselves. “baby goooing and gaaaing on hands” o Toddlers  Parallel (side by side) play: they play in the same vicinity, toddlers are egocentric and selfish huddled up but not playing with each other directly. o Preschoolers  Associative play: play with each other, have purpose, chase each other “hide and go seek” How Obesity is defined in Children o BMI/Percentile  Based on growth chart and percentile  Anything <5% = failure to thrive  Anything > 95 % = obese in children o Complications of obesity in children o Metabolic syndrome  30% in obese children  Emotional consequences of obesity include:  Low self esteem  Social isolation  Anxiety  Depression  Increased risk of developing eating disorders  Characterized as hyperinsulinemia, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia and develops before any of these conditions develop. Healthy People 2020 goals for Children  Increase quality and length of healthy life  Eliminate health disparities Common chronic diseases in childhood  Dental caries: single most preventable chronic disease of childhood.  Child should be seen by dentist when child has first tooth. Anticipatory Guidance o Infants Birth to 6 months  Care safety with use of federally approved restraints, facing forwards, In the middles of the back seat-not in a seat with an air bag  Parents adjustment to newborn-postpartum emotional needs  Teach care of infants and help parent understand the infants individual needs and temperament and that the infant expresses wants through crying  Establish a schedule that meets needs of infant and themselves  Help parents understand infants needs for simulation in environment