CMN 170V Midterm questions with
correct answers rated A+ 2025/2026
What is ICT? - ANS ✔✔Information and Communication Technology
True or False. The invention of the telephone was not the world's first "tele-communication" or
"distance communication" device, smoke signals can and were used for distance communication
- ANS ✔✔True
How has communication evolved? - ANS ✔✔Smoke signals → Trumpet, horns (100 B.C.) →
News paper (1502)→Chappe Telegraph (1794)→Electromagnetic Telegraph (1837)→Telephone
(1876)→Radio (1918)→TV (1927)→Cellular (1973)
How has information storage evolved? - ANS ✔✔Wall-painting→Chinese paper (105
A.D.)→Printing Press (1450)→Punch cards (1801)→Magnetic disk (1956)→CD-Rom (1982)
How has computation evolved? - ANS ✔✔Abacus calculator → Mech. Calculator (1500
A.D.)→Relay (1935)→Vacuum tube (1942)→ Transistor(1959) → Microprocessor(1973) →
Laptop (1975) → Mac (1981)
What three areas have converged into ICT? - ANS ✔✔Communication, information storage, and
computation
Who is Claude Shannon? - ANS ✔✔Father of the information and digital age
,"Digital convergence" or "ICT convergence" on the bit refers to the fact that... - ANS ✔✔Three
previously separate technologies trajectories (Communication, Information Storage, and
Computation) converges on the digital paradigm
True or False. Time online has dramatically decreased. - ANS ✔✔False. Time online has
dramatically INCREASED.
True or False. Technology is a tool and a means to an end. - ANS ✔✔True.
What is technology determinism? - ANS ✔✔Technology determines the outcome
Is this an example of technology determines or social construction of technology? Example:
internet implies freedom and democracy, the internet is inherently good, or, technology implies
a informational dictatorship, total control, surveillance, internet is inherently bad - ANS
✔✔Technology determinism
Is this an example of technology determinism or social construction of technology?
Example: "The internet increases productivity" - ANS ✔✔Technology determinism
What is social construction of technology? - ANS ✔✔technology has different outcomes and
they have to be socially constructed, technology is a tool like a hammer
Is this an example of technology determines or social construction of technology?
Example: "The internet can be used in a way to increase productivity" - ANS ✔✔Social
constructivism
What is the Cube Framework? - ANS ✔✔Frame of reference that enables us to sort out the
intricate relationships between information and communication tech. and development
, What does the Cube Framework focus on? - ANS ✔✔-interdependency among technology
-policy interventions
-socioeconomic sectors
What are the horizontal layers of the Cube Framework? - ANS ✔✔-Infrastructure: tangible like
hardware, computers, mobile phones, cables
-Generic services: software, apps, email services, social networks
-Capabilities, skills and culture: ability to use it
What are the vertical layers of the Cube Framework? - ANS ✔✔•Different sectors like e-
commerce, e-health, public admin.
•The prefix "e-..." implies that part of the involved information processes take place in
electronic format
What are the diagonal areas of the Cube Framework? - ANS ✔✔•Policy
•Positive and negative feedback: the modification of a process or system by intervention
True or False. The first fundamental necessary condition for digital development consists in:
Hardware, software and human capital - ANS ✔✔True
"Politicians and entrepreneurs alike have claimed that the Internet is a tool for total control.
Digital communication and interactions are recorded, monitored and analyzed by secret
services, national security agencies, and private enterprises as part of their surveillance
practices." This attitude is an example of:
a) Technological determinism
b) Social constructivism - ANS ✔✔a) Technological determinism
correct answers rated A+ 2025/2026
What is ICT? - ANS ✔✔Information and Communication Technology
True or False. The invention of the telephone was not the world's first "tele-communication" or
"distance communication" device, smoke signals can and were used for distance communication
- ANS ✔✔True
How has communication evolved? - ANS ✔✔Smoke signals → Trumpet, horns (100 B.C.) →
News paper (1502)→Chappe Telegraph (1794)→Electromagnetic Telegraph (1837)→Telephone
(1876)→Radio (1918)→TV (1927)→Cellular (1973)
How has information storage evolved? - ANS ✔✔Wall-painting→Chinese paper (105
A.D.)→Printing Press (1450)→Punch cards (1801)→Magnetic disk (1956)→CD-Rom (1982)
How has computation evolved? - ANS ✔✔Abacus calculator → Mech. Calculator (1500
A.D.)→Relay (1935)→Vacuum tube (1942)→ Transistor(1959) → Microprocessor(1973) →
Laptop (1975) → Mac (1981)
What three areas have converged into ICT? - ANS ✔✔Communication, information storage, and
computation
Who is Claude Shannon? - ANS ✔✔Father of the information and digital age
,"Digital convergence" or "ICT convergence" on the bit refers to the fact that... - ANS ✔✔Three
previously separate technologies trajectories (Communication, Information Storage, and
Computation) converges on the digital paradigm
True or False. Time online has dramatically decreased. - ANS ✔✔False. Time online has
dramatically INCREASED.
True or False. Technology is a tool and a means to an end. - ANS ✔✔True.
What is technology determinism? - ANS ✔✔Technology determines the outcome
Is this an example of technology determines or social construction of technology? Example:
internet implies freedom and democracy, the internet is inherently good, or, technology implies
a informational dictatorship, total control, surveillance, internet is inherently bad - ANS
✔✔Technology determinism
Is this an example of technology determinism or social construction of technology?
Example: "The internet increases productivity" - ANS ✔✔Technology determinism
What is social construction of technology? - ANS ✔✔technology has different outcomes and
they have to be socially constructed, technology is a tool like a hammer
Is this an example of technology determines or social construction of technology?
Example: "The internet can be used in a way to increase productivity" - ANS ✔✔Social
constructivism
What is the Cube Framework? - ANS ✔✔Frame of reference that enables us to sort out the
intricate relationships between information and communication tech. and development
, What does the Cube Framework focus on? - ANS ✔✔-interdependency among technology
-policy interventions
-socioeconomic sectors
What are the horizontal layers of the Cube Framework? - ANS ✔✔-Infrastructure: tangible like
hardware, computers, mobile phones, cables
-Generic services: software, apps, email services, social networks
-Capabilities, skills and culture: ability to use it
What are the vertical layers of the Cube Framework? - ANS ✔✔•Different sectors like e-
commerce, e-health, public admin.
•The prefix "e-..." implies that part of the involved information processes take place in
electronic format
What are the diagonal areas of the Cube Framework? - ANS ✔✔•Policy
•Positive and negative feedback: the modification of a process or system by intervention
True or False. The first fundamental necessary condition for digital development consists in:
Hardware, software and human capital - ANS ✔✔True
"Politicians and entrepreneurs alike have claimed that the Internet is a tool for total control.
Digital communication and interactions are recorded, monitored and analyzed by secret
services, national security agencies, and private enterprises as part of their surveillance
practices." This attitude is an example of:
a) Technological determinism
b) Social constructivism - ANS ✔✔a) Technological determinism
