Test Bank for Pathophysiology; The Biology Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 9th Edition (Mosby, 2022) by McCance and Huether, Isbn no; 9780323789875, All Chapters Covered (NEWEST 2026)

, TEST BANK FOR de de


McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and
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Children 9th Edition by Julia Rogers
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Chapter 1-49 de




Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE de




1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. de de de


b. Cells can secrete digestive de de de


enzymes.
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c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. de de de de de de


d. Cells can synthesize fats. de de de




ANS: d e C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
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surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
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metabolic absorption.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering de de




2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: d e C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
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most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
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regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and
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energy production.
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Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes
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function as the intracellular digestive system.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering de de




3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
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remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
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a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: d e B

, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
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remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
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H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
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escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that
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are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the
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nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that
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originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called
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hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
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An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering de de




4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
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cell injury?
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a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex de


c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum de de


d. Lysosomes
ANS: d e D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
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enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
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cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury
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leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
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substrates, causing cellular self- digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to
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provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of
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flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the cell nucleus. The
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and removing
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toxic substances from the cell.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering de de




5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
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a. Increased heart rate and force of de de de de de


de contraction
b. Secretion of cortisol de de


c. Increased retention of water de de de


d. Breakdown of fat de de




ANS: d e C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes
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increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.
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Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering de de




6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: d e B

, The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is
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the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the
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S phase (S
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= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase,
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during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of
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DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear
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and cytoplasmic division.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering de de




7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting
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as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active
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pumps?
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a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: d e C
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for
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electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the ―glue‖ holding
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cell membranes together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are
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involved in cellular protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative
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phosphorylation.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering de de




8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing
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drug therapy for which human diseases?
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a. Cardiac and vascular disorders de de de


b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders de de de


c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders de de de


d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal de de


disorders de




ANS: d e B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
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interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
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including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular,
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gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering de de




9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the
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plasma membrane?
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a. Carbohydrate chains de


b. Glycoprotein channels de


c. Membrane channel proteins de de


d. Lipid bilayer de




ANS: d e D