BIOPSYCHOLOGY
The Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral NervCM Sptem (PNS)
Main control system for 1,1,. func t,on~. plu~ Trwwnlll lnfOffllltion btlwNn Ifie Cllllral
conscious psycholog1(JI pr1xfl'!.Sr\ 11eMJU1 IJfllffl and m l f f l l l ~
r
Brain Spinal Cord
--~'
Autonomic
--' Somatic
H,gh~r p~y,-holoq,cal Transmits Tr-.nlll Transnill
pr,)CP"',':,PS (C" CJ ,,,form,1,,t,r. Infon'lllllon lnfonnatlon
th,ns,nq bf>hJ,·1our). h<'h\·~t-n 1h1• t.r11,n bttWIM«91"1 MtWNll- -
a nd r~q11l.1tP\ h,'<11ly ,1rl(! pt-•fl(},WIJI andCHS. and CHS. dnclS
prOCl"S'.:P". t)ar,h1 00 fl('•~,--.u•• ~\'·;h•rn ~fot t'OU!f-,
inf o ~mat ,•m frc•rn t,woblc,,ybodily mcM1118'11(eg.
pe,r,pt~1u1 r,pr,vus adMlla(a.o MDIII)
SV51l"m
hN,t11t1)
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
~bocliy o.:r....bild ly
t'"110n5l0pn!p1Rfor f\llCIIOn llO-
ldlon ("9ht or Right) ,ne,gy(cam andm1)
The CNS: is connected to the rest of the body by the PNS
of sensory and
Somatic: Involved in the relay of sensory and motor information, to and from the CNS, consists
neurons carry
motor neurons. Sensory neurons move information from sensory receptors to the CNS, motor
information from the CNS to the muscles of the body.
(fight or flight)
Sympathetic: Increases heart rate, increases blood pressure, digestion is inhibited, pupils dilate.
constrict. (rest
Parasympathetic: Heart rate decreases , decreases blood pressure, digestion increases, pupils
and digest).
Homeostasis: Sympathe tic and parasympathetic work to maintain the body's homeosta sis.
NEURONS:
Dendrites
Tenninal buttons
Myelin sheaths
Nucleus
- -- - - - Direction of Impulse ----- -+
, • The dendrite (receptor) receives a signal
. h contains the nucleus)
• The signal is carried towards a cell body (wh1c
. • ct d by myelin sheaths) towards the axon
• The signal travels along an axon (which 1s prote e
terminal
• Axon terminal at the end of the axon pass the electrical signal to the next neuron in the chain
Signals within the neuron are electric, at rest the neuron is negatively charged but becomes
positively charged when activated, once this electrical signal reaches the axon terminal,
synaptic transmission enables the signal to pass along chemically to the next neuron.
SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION:
Process of sending information from one neuron to another.
When the electrical signal within a neuron reaches the axon terminal of that neuron,
neurotransmitters are released chemically from vesicles and cross over the synapse where
they are taken up by neurons on the other side.
synaptic
wsid.
0
ne\lOlransmil.r
poslsynaplic dimdrie
. ..
Neurons contain many different types of neurotransmitters which can either be excitatory or inhibitory.
Excitatory: increases the likelihood of the neuron firing. ·
Inhibitory: decreases the likelihood of the neuron firing.
Example:-serotonin is an inhibitory neuron, so when it binds to the receptor of a neuron it increases the negative
charge of that neuron making it less likely to fire. However, if a neurotransmitter has an excitatory effect, and it
outweigh~ serotonin the n~t effect has an incr~ase of that neuron ~rin_ g. (SUMMATl?N).
I ,
' 'I
TYPE$ Of NEURONS:
SENSORY: transmit information from the senses, (e.g. fingertips), to the central nervous system.
RELAY: connect neurons to other neurons (e.g. motor neurons to sensory neurons), and transmit
information within the CNS.
The Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral NervCM Sptem (PNS)
Main control system for 1,1,. func t,on~. plu~ Trwwnlll lnfOffllltion btlwNn Ifie Cllllral
conscious psycholog1(JI pr1xfl'!.Sr\ 11eMJU1 IJfllffl and m l f f l l l ~
r
Brain Spinal Cord
--~'
Autonomic
--' Somatic
H,gh~r p~y,-holoq,cal Transmits Tr-.nlll Transnill
pr,)CP"',':,PS (C" CJ ,,,form,1,,t,r. Infon'lllllon lnfonnatlon
th,ns,nq bf>hJ,·1our). h<'h\·~t-n 1h1• t.r11,n bttWIM«91"1 MtWNll- -
a nd r~q11l.1tP\ h,'<11ly ,1rl(! pt-•fl(},WIJI andCHS. and CHS. dnclS
prOCl"S'.:P". t)ar,h1 00 fl('•~,--.u•• ~\'·;h•rn ~fot t'OU!f-,
inf o ~mat ,•m frc•rn t,woblc,,ybodily mcM1118'11(eg.
pe,r,pt~1u1 r,pr,vus adMlla(a.o MDIII)
SV51l"m
hN,t11t1)
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
~bocliy o.:r....bild ly
t'"110n5l0pn!p1Rfor f\llCIIOn llO-
ldlon ("9ht or Right) ,ne,gy(cam andm1)
The CNS: is connected to the rest of the body by the PNS
of sensory and
Somatic: Involved in the relay of sensory and motor information, to and from the CNS, consists
neurons carry
motor neurons. Sensory neurons move information from sensory receptors to the CNS, motor
information from the CNS to the muscles of the body.
(fight or flight)
Sympathetic: Increases heart rate, increases blood pressure, digestion is inhibited, pupils dilate.
constrict. (rest
Parasympathetic: Heart rate decreases , decreases blood pressure, digestion increases, pupils
and digest).
Homeostasis: Sympathe tic and parasympathetic work to maintain the body's homeosta sis.
NEURONS:
Dendrites
Tenninal buttons
Myelin sheaths
Nucleus
- -- - - - Direction of Impulse ----- -+
, • The dendrite (receptor) receives a signal
. h contains the nucleus)
• The signal is carried towards a cell body (wh1c
. • ct d by myelin sheaths) towards the axon
• The signal travels along an axon (which 1s prote e
terminal
• Axon terminal at the end of the axon pass the electrical signal to the next neuron in the chain
Signals within the neuron are electric, at rest the neuron is negatively charged but becomes
positively charged when activated, once this electrical signal reaches the axon terminal,
synaptic transmission enables the signal to pass along chemically to the next neuron.
SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION:
Process of sending information from one neuron to another.
When the electrical signal within a neuron reaches the axon terminal of that neuron,
neurotransmitters are released chemically from vesicles and cross over the synapse where
they are taken up by neurons on the other side.
synaptic
wsid.
0
ne\lOlransmil.r
poslsynaplic dimdrie
. ..
Neurons contain many different types of neurotransmitters which can either be excitatory or inhibitory.
Excitatory: increases the likelihood of the neuron firing. ·
Inhibitory: decreases the likelihood of the neuron firing.
Example:-serotonin is an inhibitory neuron, so when it binds to the receptor of a neuron it increases the negative
charge of that neuron making it less likely to fire. However, if a neurotransmitter has an excitatory effect, and it
outweigh~ serotonin the n~t effect has an incr~ase of that neuron ~rin_ g. (SUMMATl?N).
I ,
' 'I
TYPE$ Of NEURONS:
SENSORY: transmit information from the senses, (e.g. fingertips), to the central nervous system.
RELAY: connect neurons to other neurons (e.g. motor neurons to sensory neurons), and transmit
information within the CNS.
