Chapter 9 - BICH 410 || 100% Errorless Solutions.
What is the precursor to lipids? correct answers fatty acids, make up lipid tails and are usually
attached to a carbon backbone
What are the classes of lipids? correct answers triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids,
sphingolipids, isoprene based lipids, and waxes
Which lipids are for membrane structure and chemical signals? correct answers
glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids
Which lipids are for storage? correct answers triacylglycerols
myristic acid correct answers (14:0)
palmitic acid correct answers (16:0)
stearic acid correct answers (18:0)
oleic acid correct answers (18:1)
linoleic acid correct answers (18:2)
arachidonic acid correct answers (20:4)
Which carbon is the omega carbon in fatty acids? correct answers the last carbon in the chain,
not the carbonyl carbon because that is always C1
What are the double bonds like in unsaturated fatty acids? correct answers unconjugated and
always cis
Melting temperature increases with what? correct answers more saturation and number of
carbons
Why are triacylglycerols a major source of energy for many organisms? correct answers 1. most
reduced form of carbon in nature (oxidation releases energy)
2. no solvation in water
3. efficient packing due to dehydration and van der Waals
How do triacylglyercols form? correct answers hydroxyls on the glycerol backbone become part
of an ester linkage with the carboxyl group of a fatty acid tail
In what form do most fatty acids in plants and animals exist in? correct answers the form of
triacylglycerols
, What is the structure of a glycerophospholipid? correct answers A 1,2-diacylglycerol that has a
phosphate group esterfied at C3 of the glycerol backbone
If a glycerophospholipid is unsaturated, where is the unsaturation located? correct answers at C2
of the glycerobackbone
What is the parent compound of all glycerophospholipids? correct answers phosphatidic acid =
glycerol backbone with 2 acyl chains and a phosphate on C3, no head group present yet
Phospholipase A1 and A2 correct answers cleave fatty acids from a glycerophospholipid
between the carbonyl carbon and the oxygen, produces a lysophospholipid
Phospholipase C and D correct answers hydrolyze between the P and O on either of the 2
oxygens that connect the phosphate to the glycerol backbone (C) or the alcohol head group (D)
How do lipids and their metabolites act as biological signals? correct answers
glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids play important roles as chemical signals in and on cells,
the lifetimes of these signals are very short
Ether glycerophospholipids correct answers posses an ether linkage instead of an acyl group at
C1 position of glycerol, includes PAF and plasmalogens that often act as signaling molecules
plasmalogens correct answers ether glycerophospholipids in which the alkyl chain is unsaturated
PAF correct answers platelet activating factor, acts a biologically signaling molecule, and has a
very short acyl chain at C2 (just one methyl group)
What are the functions of PAF? correct answers 1. a potential mediator in inflammation, allergic
response, and shock
2. has a beneficial effect on toxic shock syndrome
3. involved in implantation of the egg in the uterine wall
4. stimulates the production of fetal lung surfactant
sphingosine correct answers an 18 carbon alcohol that forms the backbone of sphingolipids
ceramide correct answers a sphingolipid that has a fatty acid joined to a sphingosine by an amide
linkage at C2
glycospingolipids correct answers ceramide one or more sugars in a beta glycosidic linkage at
the hydroxyl on C1
cerebroside correct answers a glycospingolipid with one sugar
gangliosides correct answers a glycospingolipid with 3 or more sugars esterfied at the head group
(ex: sialic acid)
What is the precursor to lipids? correct answers fatty acids, make up lipid tails and are usually
attached to a carbon backbone
What are the classes of lipids? correct answers triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids,
sphingolipids, isoprene based lipids, and waxes
Which lipids are for membrane structure and chemical signals? correct answers
glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids
Which lipids are for storage? correct answers triacylglycerols
myristic acid correct answers (14:0)
palmitic acid correct answers (16:0)
stearic acid correct answers (18:0)
oleic acid correct answers (18:1)
linoleic acid correct answers (18:2)
arachidonic acid correct answers (20:4)
Which carbon is the omega carbon in fatty acids? correct answers the last carbon in the chain,
not the carbonyl carbon because that is always C1
What are the double bonds like in unsaturated fatty acids? correct answers unconjugated and
always cis
Melting temperature increases with what? correct answers more saturation and number of
carbons
Why are triacylglycerols a major source of energy for many organisms? correct answers 1. most
reduced form of carbon in nature (oxidation releases energy)
2. no solvation in water
3. efficient packing due to dehydration and van der Waals
How do triacylglyercols form? correct answers hydroxyls on the glycerol backbone become part
of an ester linkage with the carboxyl group of a fatty acid tail
In what form do most fatty acids in plants and animals exist in? correct answers the form of
triacylglycerols
, What is the structure of a glycerophospholipid? correct answers A 1,2-diacylglycerol that has a
phosphate group esterfied at C3 of the glycerol backbone
If a glycerophospholipid is unsaturated, where is the unsaturation located? correct answers at C2
of the glycerobackbone
What is the parent compound of all glycerophospholipids? correct answers phosphatidic acid =
glycerol backbone with 2 acyl chains and a phosphate on C3, no head group present yet
Phospholipase A1 and A2 correct answers cleave fatty acids from a glycerophospholipid
between the carbonyl carbon and the oxygen, produces a lysophospholipid
Phospholipase C and D correct answers hydrolyze between the P and O on either of the 2
oxygens that connect the phosphate to the glycerol backbone (C) or the alcohol head group (D)
How do lipids and their metabolites act as biological signals? correct answers
glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids play important roles as chemical signals in and on cells,
the lifetimes of these signals are very short
Ether glycerophospholipids correct answers posses an ether linkage instead of an acyl group at
C1 position of glycerol, includes PAF and plasmalogens that often act as signaling molecules
plasmalogens correct answers ether glycerophospholipids in which the alkyl chain is unsaturated
PAF correct answers platelet activating factor, acts a biologically signaling molecule, and has a
very short acyl chain at C2 (just one methyl group)
What are the functions of PAF? correct answers 1. a potential mediator in inflammation, allergic
response, and shock
2. has a beneficial effect on toxic shock syndrome
3. involved in implantation of the egg in the uterine wall
4. stimulates the production of fetal lung surfactant
sphingosine correct answers an 18 carbon alcohol that forms the backbone of sphingolipids
ceramide correct answers a sphingolipid that has a fatty acid joined to a sphingosine by an amide
linkage at C2
glycospingolipids correct answers ceramide one or more sugars in a beta glycosidic linkage at
the hydroxyl on C1
cerebroside correct answers a glycospingolipid with one sugar
gangliosides correct answers a glycospingolipid with 3 or more sugars esterfied at the head group
(ex: sialic acid)
