NFDN 2003 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL EXAM PAPER
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ Hypervolemia. Answer: Fluid excess
◉ Hyponatremia. Answer: low sodium levels in the blood (<135
mEq/L)
◉ Hypernatremia. Answer: excess sodium levels in the blood (>135
mEq/L)
◉ Normal pH of blood gases. Answer: 7.35-7.45
◉ Metabolic Acidosis. Answer: decrease in bicarbonate
concentration
◉ Metabolic Alkalosis. Answer: increase in bicarbonate
concentration
◉ Phlebitis. Answer: inflammation of the vein
, ◉ Infiltration. Answer: fluid leaking into surrounding tissues
◉ Hematoma. Answer: mass of coagulated blood that leaked into
tissue at IV site
◉ Saline lock. Answer: prevents blood loss, air from entering
vascular system and exposure to blood
◉ Troponin Levels (TROP). Answer: ordered for suspected MI
◉ PT. Answer: Prothrombin time, used in coumadin administration,
measures time elapsed until clot forms
◉ PTT. Answer: Partial thromboplastin time, used in heparin
administration, measures time elapsed until clot forms
◉ INR. Answer: International normalized ratio
◉ Order of blood draw. Answer: yellow, blue, red (with black cap),
red, green, lavender, white, grey
◉ Decorticate. Answer: flexor posturing (to core)
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ Hypervolemia. Answer: Fluid excess
◉ Hyponatremia. Answer: low sodium levels in the blood (<135
mEq/L)
◉ Hypernatremia. Answer: excess sodium levels in the blood (>135
mEq/L)
◉ Normal pH of blood gases. Answer: 7.35-7.45
◉ Metabolic Acidosis. Answer: decrease in bicarbonate
concentration
◉ Metabolic Alkalosis. Answer: increase in bicarbonate
concentration
◉ Phlebitis. Answer: inflammation of the vein
, ◉ Infiltration. Answer: fluid leaking into surrounding tissues
◉ Hematoma. Answer: mass of coagulated blood that leaked into
tissue at IV site
◉ Saline lock. Answer: prevents blood loss, air from entering
vascular system and exposure to blood
◉ Troponin Levels (TROP). Answer: ordered for suspected MI
◉ PT. Answer: Prothrombin time, used in coumadin administration,
measures time elapsed until clot forms
◉ PTT. Answer: Partial thromboplastin time, used in heparin
administration, measures time elapsed until clot forms
◉ INR. Answer: International normalized ratio
◉ Order of blood draw. Answer: yellow, blue, red (with black cap),
red, green, lavender, white, grey
◉ Decorticate. Answer: flexor posturing (to core)