CTRI UPDATED EVALUATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Leg Yield: - ✔✔A suppling exercise designed to make a horse responsive to
unilateral aids.
✔✔Medium Gait: - ✔✔Between the collected and extended.
✔✔Natural Aids: - ✔✔A natural aid is part of your body. Each natural aid has a certain
way of signaling the horse. There are four natural aids:
hands
voice
legs
weight
✔✔Nearside: - ✔✔The left side of the horse.
✔✔Offside: - ✔✔The right side of the horse.
✔✔Overreach: - ✔✔The hitting of the forefoot with the hind foot.
✔✔Pace: - ✔✔A two-beat gait in which the lateral limbs strike the ground
simultaneously. There is a lateral base of support and a period of suspension with all
four feet off the ground occurring between each beat.
✔✔Posting Diagonal: - ✔✔When traveling on the rail in the arena or when working in a
curved line, the rider rises (posts) when the horse's outside shoulder moves forward.
✔✔Postural Corrections: - ✔✔Corrections made by the CTRI to the position in which the
rider's body is aligned while riding. Posture is habitual; therefore, ongoing correction is
essential to riding skill development.
✔✔Rein Back: - ✔✔Backward movement in which hooves are raised and set down
almost simultaneously by diagonal.
✔✔Rhythm: - ✔✔The regularity of footfalls within each gait.
✔✔Rollback: - ✔✔A series of movements that blend together to look like one
movement; incorporates a run or lope, a balanced stop, a fast, smooth 180-degree pivot
and a fast break out of the rollback into a run or lope on the proper lead.
✔✔Serpentine: - ✔✔Series of equal curves from one line of the centerline to the other,
changing the direction of the turn each time the horse passes over the centerline.
,✔✔Shoulder-in: - ✔✔The horse is slightly bent round the inside leg of the rider, and its
inside legs pass and cross in front of the outside legs. The horse is looking away from
the direction in which it is moving.
✔✔Side Pass: - ✔✔A movement in which the horse goes straight and sideways; the
horse's outside leg should cross over in front of the supporting leg. This movement has
a slight degree of forward motion. Side passing lets you move the horse over to open
and close a gate easily when mounted, helps in suppling and in preparing for flying
changes.
✔✔Simple Change of Lead: - ✔✔Change of lead performed by breaking gait to the trot.
✔✔Skill Progression: - ✔✔Systematic building of skills upon a foundation. The CTRI
should teach skills in an order that will most effectively advance the rider to the best of
their ability.
✔✔Snaffle Bit: - ✔✔A bit that works by direct action in the horse's mouth.
✔✔Specific Praise: - ✔✔A positive statement intended to reinforce the desired behavior
of an individual that acknowledges the individual by name (or in a manner in which they
know who is being praised), specifically describes/identifies the individual's behavior
and incorporates a term of praise.
✔✔Stride: - ✔✔The distance covered by one foot when in motion.
✔✔Supple: - ✔✔An equine's ability to remain relaxed, flexible and easily bend and turn.
✔✔Throat Latch: - ✔✔The narrow strap of the bridle or headstall that goes under the
horse's throat and is used to secure the bridle or headstall to the head.
✔✔Topline: - ✔✔A horse's topline goes from the hip, over the loin, through the back and
through the neck. It consists of the muscles the horse uses to carry itself through the
gaits, especially in transitions. A strong topline has to be developed for a horse to have
self-carriage; it's how you know whether or not a horse is balanced.
✔✔Transition: - ✔✔Change of gait or speed.
✔✔Trappy: - ✔✔A short, quick, choppy stride, usually seen in horses that have short
and steep pasterns and straight shoulders.
✔✔Travers: - ✔✔Haunches in. The horse is lightly bent around the inside leg of the
rider. Its outside legs pass and cross in front of the inside legs. The horse is looking in
, the direction in which it is moving. Performed along the wall or on the center line, at an
angle of about 30 degrees to the direction in which the horse is moving.
✔✔Trot: - ✔✔Two-beat gait in which the paired diagonal feet strike and leave the
ground simultaneously. Between each beat, there is a period of suspension in which all
four feet are off the ground.
✔✔Two-Track: - ✔✔The horse moves forward and diagonally at the same time.
✔✔Turnback: - ✔✔Western exercise to help some horses learn (with minimal use of the
reins) to balance on their hocks, collect themselves and turn on their haunches.
✔✔Turn on the Forehand: - ✔✔First basic lateral leg aid exercise; can be used to move
the horse over, to turn around, or too open and close gates while mounted.
✔✔Unsoundness: - ✔✔A serious condition that affects an equine's usefulness and way
of moving.
✔✔Walk: - ✔✔An even, four-beat gait. The sequence of beats is (1) left hind, (2) left
fore, (3) right hind and (4) right fore.
✔✔Working Gait: - ✔✔Regular and unconstrained, energetic but calm, with even,
elastic steps.
✔✔Abduction: - ✔✔Movement away from the midline of the body. In the EAAT setting,
this most often refers to the participant's legs separating or moving away from each
other.
✔✔Adaptive Behavior: - ✔✔Behavior that allows an individual to accommodate the
natural and social demands of the environment.
✔✔Adduction: - ✔✔Movement toward the midline of the body. In the EAAT setting, this
is most often used in reference to the participant's legs moving together. An individual
who has tight or spastic adductor muscles (inner thigh muscles) may have difficulty
sitting astride the equine.
✔✔Ankle-Foot Orthotic (AFO): - ✔✔Lower leg/foot brace (approximately knee height)
used to position and/or support the foot and ankle for walking. May require the
participant to wear a specific type of footwear.
✔✔Anterior: - ✔✔The front of body, or toward the front of the body. In humans, anterior
is synonymous with ventral, which means "toward the abdomen."
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Leg Yield: - ✔✔A suppling exercise designed to make a horse responsive to
unilateral aids.
✔✔Medium Gait: - ✔✔Between the collected and extended.
✔✔Natural Aids: - ✔✔A natural aid is part of your body. Each natural aid has a certain
way of signaling the horse. There are four natural aids:
hands
voice
legs
weight
✔✔Nearside: - ✔✔The left side of the horse.
✔✔Offside: - ✔✔The right side of the horse.
✔✔Overreach: - ✔✔The hitting of the forefoot with the hind foot.
✔✔Pace: - ✔✔A two-beat gait in which the lateral limbs strike the ground
simultaneously. There is a lateral base of support and a period of suspension with all
four feet off the ground occurring between each beat.
✔✔Posting Diagonal: - ✔✔When traveling on the rail in the arena or when working in a
curved line, the rider rises (posts) when the horse's outside shoulder moves forward.
✔✔Postural Corrections: - ✔✔Corrections made by the CTRI to the position in which the
rider's body is aligned while riding. Posture is habitual; therefore, ongoing correction is
essential to riding skill development.
✔✔Rein Back: - ✔✔Backward movement in which hooves are raised and set down
almost simultaneously by diagonal.
✔✔Rhythm: - ✔✔The regularity of footfalls within each gait.
✔✔Rollback: - ✔✔A series of movements that blend together to look like one
movement; incorporates a run or lope, a balanced stop, a fast, smooth 180-degree pivot
and a fast break out of the rollback into a run or lope on the proper lead.
✔✔Serpentine: - ✔✔Series of equal curves from one line of the centerline to the other,
changing the direction of the turn each time the horse passes over the centerline.
,✔✔Shoulder-in: - ✔✔The horse is slightly bent round the inside leg of the rider, and its
inside legs pass and cross in front of the outside legs. The horse is looking away from
the direction in which it is moving.
✔✔Side Pass: - ✔✔A movement in which the horse goes straight and sideways; the
horse's outside leg should cross over in front of the supporting leg. This movement has
a slight degree of forward motion. Side passing lets you move the horse over to open
and close a gate easily when mounted, helps in suppling and in preparing for flying
changes.
✔✔Simple Change of Lead: - ✔✔Change of lead performed by breaking gait to the trot.
✔✔Skill Progression: - ✔✔Systematic building of skills upon a foundation. The CTRI
should teach skills in an order that will most effectively advance the rider to the best of
their ability.
✔✔Snaffle Bit: - ✔✔A bit that works by direct action in the horse's mouth.
✔✔Specific Praise: - ✔✔A positive statement intended to reinforce the desired behavior
of an individual that acknowledges the individual by name (or in a manner in which they
know who is being praised), specifically describes/identifies the individual's behavior
and incorporates a term of praise.
✔✔Stride: - ✔✔The distance covered by one foot when in motion.
✔✔Supple: - ✔✔An equine's ability to remain relaxed, flexible and easily bend and turn.
✔✔Throat Latch: - ✔✔The narrow strap of the bridle or headstall that goes under the
horse's throat and is used to secure the bridle or headstall to the head.
✔✔Topline: - ✔✔A horse's topline goes from the hip, over the loin, through the back and
through the neck. It consists of the muscles the horse uses to carry itself through the
gaits, especially in transitions. A strong topline has to be developed for a horse to have
self-carriage; it's how you know whether or not a horse is balanced.
✔✔Transition: - ✔✔Change of gait or speed.
✔✔Trappy: - ✔✔A short, quick, choppy stride, usually seen in horses that have short
and steep pasterns and straight shoulders.
✔✔Travers: - ✔✔Haunches in. The horse is lightly bent around the inside leg of the
rider. Its outside legs pass and cross in front of the inside legs. The horse is looking in
, the direction in which it is moving. Performed along the wall or on the center line, at an
angle of about 30 degrees to the direction in which the horse is moving.
✔✔Trot: - ✔✔Two-beat gait in which the paired diagonal feet strike and leave the
ground simultaneously. Between each beat, there is a period of suspension in which all
four feet are off the ground.
✔✔Two-Track: - ✔✔The horse moves forward and diagonally at the same time.
✔✔Turnback: - ✔✔Western exercise to help some horses learn (with minimal use of the
reins) to balance on their hocks, collect themselves and turn on their haunches.
✔✔Turn on the Forehand: - ✔✔First basic lateral leg aid exercise; can be used to move
the horse over, to turn around, or too open and close gates while mounted.
✔✔Unsoundness: - ✔✔A serious condition that affects an equine's usefulness and way
of moving.
✔✔Walk: - ✔✔An even, four-beat gait. The sequence of beats is (1) left hind, (2) left
fore, (3) right hind and (4) right fore.
✔✔Working Gait: - ✔✔Regular and unconstrained, energetic but calm, with even,
elastic steps.
✔✔Abduction: - ✔✔Movement away from the midline of the body. In the EAAT setting,
this most often refers to the participant's legs separating or moving away from each
other.
✔✔Adaptive Behavior: - ✔✔Behavior that allows an individual to accommodate the
natural and social demands of the environment.
✔✔Adduction: - ✔✔Movement toward the midline of the body. In the EAAT setting, this
is most often used in reference to the participant's legs moving together. An individual
who has tight or spastic adductor muscles (inner thigh muscles) may have difficulty
sitting astride the equine.
✔✔Ankle-Foot Orthotic (AFO): - ✔✔Lower leg/foot brace (approximately knee height)
used to position and/or support the foot and ankle for walking. May require the
participant to wear a specific type of footwear.
✔✔Anterior: - ✔✔The front of body, or toward the front of the body. In humans, anterior
is synonymous with ventral, which means "toward the abdomen."
