APEA Pathophysiology Exam
APEA Pathophysiology Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS with DETAILED RATIONALES
GRADED A+ GUARANTEED PASS- ACE YOUR
EXAM
The component of whole blood that is primarily composed of water is the:
A.
electrolytes.
B.
electrolytes in solute.
C.
plasma.
D.
albumin.
C
Blood is composed of formed elements and plasma. The formed elements, which are cells
and proteins, make up approximately 45 percent of blood composition. Plasma is the fluid
component that accounts for the remaining 55 percent. The primary function of plasma is to
suspend and carry the formed elements. Plasma is made up primarily of water and plasma
proteins. Water composes 91 percent of plasma.
A+ TEST BANK 1
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in the inspired air?
A.
79 percent
B.
56 percent
C.
18 percent
D.
21 percent
D
Ambient air at sea level contains approximately 79 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, 0.9
percent argon, and 0.03 percent carbon dioxide. There are trace amounts of other gases.
The EMT should know that the role of oxygen in the body is:
A.
required for normal cell metabolism.
B.
carried in the blood as a dissolved ion.
C.
an end product of normal cell metabolism.
D.
an end product of abnormal cell metabolism.
A+ TEST BANK 2
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
A
Cellular metabolism, also known as cellular respiration, is the process in which, normally, the
cells break down molecules of glucose to produce energy for the body. There are two types
of cellular metabolism: aerobic and anaerobic. Which of these two types of cellular
metabolism occurs is based on whether there is an effective and continuous delivery of
oxygen and energy sources, or fuel. Glucose is the primary fuel, and oxygen is the primary
catalyst for metabolism within the cell. In fact, oxygen is required by every cell of the body in
order for normal cellular metabolism to occur. Oxygen is not an end product of either normal
or abnormal metabolism (acid is, actually), and oxygen is not an ion found dissolved in the
blood, as oxygen is a gas, not an electrolyte.
Which one of the following is MOST likely to lead to anaerobic metabolism?
A.
Hypoventilation
B.
Oxygen rich-atmosphere
C.
Increased blood volume
D.
Normotension
A
Anaerobic metabolism is the breakdown of molecules in the cells without the presence of
oxygen. (The term anaerobic means "without oxygen.") Hypoventilation leads to a lack of
oxygen, which may lead to anaerobic metabolism.
What effect on lung compliance will occur if a patient has a traumatic lung injury that is
causing the pleural cavity to fill with blood?
A+ TEST BANK 3
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
A.
It will decrease resistance.
B.
It will increase lung compliance.
C.
It will decrease lung compliance.
D.
It will increase resistance.
C
Compliance is a measure of the ability of the chest wall and lungs to stretch, distend, and
expand. A condition that would cause the lungs or chest wall to become stiff would decrease
compliance. A decrease in compliance would make it more difficult for the patient to move air
into and out of the lungs. This also would make it more difficult to ventilate the patient
artificially. Conditions such as pneumonia, a hemothorax (blood filling up the pleural cavity),
and pulmonary edema can decrease compliance within the lungs. Increasing compliance
means that it is easier to for the lungs to inflate, and resistance changes refer to the degree of
bronchoconstriction or bronchodilation.
The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the body by which mechanism?
A.
Dissolved in plasma
B.
By the bloodstream as a bicarbonate ion
C.
Chemically bound by hemoglobin
D.
Attached to red blood cells
A+ TEST BANK 4
APEA Pathophysiology Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS with DETAILED RATIONALES
GRADED A+ GUARANTEED PASS- ACE YOUR
EXAM
The component of whole blood that is primarily composed of water is the:
A.
electrolytes.
B.
electrolytes in solute.
C.
plasma.
D.
albumin.
C
Blood is composed of formed elements and plasma. The formed elements, which are cells
and proteins, make up approximately 45 percent of blood composition. Plasma is the fluid
component that accounts for the remaining 55 percent. The primary function of plasma is to
suspend and carry the formed elements. Plasma is made up primarily of water and plasma
proteins. Water composes 91 percent of plasma.
A+ TEST BANK 1
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in the inspired air?
A.
79 percent
B.
56 percent
C.
18 percent
D.
21 percent
D
Ambient air at sea level contains approximately 79 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, 0.9
percent argon, and 0.03 percent carbon dioxide. There are trace amounts of other gases.
The EMT should know that the role of oxygen in the body is:
A.
required for normal cell metabolism.
B.
carried in the blood as a dissolved ion.
C.
an end product of normal cell metabolism.
D.
an end product of abnormal cell metabolism.
A+ TEST BANK 2
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
A
Cellular metabolism, also known as cellular respiration, is the process in which, normally, the
cells break down molecules of glucose to produce energy for the body. There are two types
of cellular metabolism: aerobic and anaerobic. Which of these two types of cellular
metabolism occurs is based on whether there is an effective and continuous delivery of
oxygen and energy sources, or fuel. Glucose is the primary fuel, and oxygen is the primary
catalyst for metabolism within the cell. In fact, oxygen is required by every cell of the body in
order for normal cellular metabolism to occur. Oxygen is not an end product of either normal
or abnormal metabolism (acid is, actually), and oxygen is not an ion found dissolved in the
blood, as oxygen is a gas, not an electrolyte.
Which one of the following is MOST likely to lead to anaerobic metabolism?
A.
Hypoventilation
B.
Oxygen rich-atmosphere
C.
Increased blood volume
D.
Normotension
A
Anaerobic metabolism is the breakdown of molecules in the cells without the presence of
oxygen. (The term anaerobic means "without oxygen.") Hypoventilation leads to a lack of
oxygen, which may lead to anaerobic metabolism.
What effect on lung compliance will occur if a patient has a traumatic lung injury that is
causing the pleural cavity to fill with blood?
A+ TEST BANK 3
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
A.
It will decrease resistance.
B.
It will increase lung compliance.
C.
It will decrease lung compliance.
D.
It will increase resistance.
C
Compliance is a measure of the ability of the chest wall and lungs to stretch, distend, and
expand. A condition that would cause the lungs or chest wall to become stiff would decrease
compliance. A decrease in compliance would make it more difficult for the patient to move air
into and out of the lungs. This also would make it more difficult to ventilate the patient
artificially. Conditions such as pneumonia, a hemothorax (blood filling up the pleural cavity),
and pulmonary edema can decrease compliance within the lungs. Increasing compliance
means that it is easier to for the lungs to inflate, and resistance changes refer to the degree of
bronchoconstriction or bronchodilation.
The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the body by which mechanism?
A.
Dissolved in plasma
B.
By the bloodstream as a bicarbonate ion
C.
Chemically bound by hemoglobin
D.
Attached to red blood cells
A+ TEST BANK 4
