APEA Pathophysiology Exam
APEA Pathophysiology Exam 1 STUDYGUIDE
(3 IN ONE DOCUMENT) latest ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS with DETAILED RATIONALES
GRADED A+ GUARANTEED PASS- ACE YOUR
EXAM
Diabetes is the leading cause of:
urosepsis.
end-stage renal disease.
acute coronary syndrome.
pancreatitis.
end-stage renal disease
Diabetes is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, adult-onset blindness, and
nontraumatic lower extremity amputations in the United States. The chronic hyperglycemia
that is associated with diabetes mellitus and a dysregulated metabolic system may be
associated with secondary damage in multiple organ systems, especially the kidneys, eyes,
nerves, and blood vessels.
An autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland by
antibodies that act through normal TSH receptors is:
celiac disease.
Graves' disease.
Multiple sclerosis.
Sjogren's syndrome.
A+ TEST BANK 1
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
Graves' disease, one of the autoimmune thyroid diseases, is caused by the production of IgG
autoantibodies directed against the thyrotropin receptor. These antibodies bind to and
activate the receptor, causing the autonomous production of thyroid hormones.
In a patient with hyperglycemia, the nurse practitioner knows that hyperosmolar
hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) will NOT produce:
dehydration.term-3
glycosuria.
high glucose levels.
ketogenesis.
ketogenesis
In the patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic state (HHNS), glucose levels are
significantly higher (>600 mg/dL) than in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA; >250 mg/dL).
Glycosuria is also higher in HHNS than DKA because blood glucose levels are higher.
In addition, renal dysfunction is more marked
The thyroid hormone that is responsible for calcium regulation is:
triiodothyronine (T3).
thyroxine (T4).
thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin).
thyroid-stimulating hormone.
thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin)
Hyperglycemia in patients who have Type 2 diabetes can cause:
anorexia.
hematuria.
thirst.
hyperphagia.
thirst
Thirst results from the intracellular dehydration that occurs as blood glucose levels rise and
water is pulled out of body cells, including those in the thirst center.
Risk factors that predispose a patient to Graves disease include:
a family history of Graves' disease in men of the family.
female sex.
a history of alcoholism.
being in the first trimester of pregnancy.
A+ TEST BANK 2
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
female sex
The disorder that is caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone is known as:
hypercalcemia.
histiocytosis.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
diabetes insipidus.
diabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disorder of water metabolism caused by a deficiency in antidiuretic
hormone (ADH). ADH is also referred to as vasopressin. The absence of ADH allows filtered
water to be excreted in the urine instead of reabsorbed. This causes excessive urination,
thirst, and fluid intake.
The most common signs of newly diagnosed diabetes include:
peripheral neuropathy.
polyuria.
hyperphagia.
blurred vision.
polyuria
In thyrotoxic crisis, T3 and T4 are overproduced, causing hypermetabolism from the
overproduction of:
dopamine.
catecholamines.
epinephrine.
norepinephrine.
epinephrine
In thyrotoxic crisis (also known as thyroid storm), the thyroid gland secretes the thyroid
hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and/or thyroxine (T4). When T3 and/or T4 are overproduced,
systemic adrenergic activity increases. The result is epinephrine overproduction and severe
hypermetabolism, leading rapidly to cardiac, GI, and sympathetic nervous system
decompensation.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by:
resistance to insulin action in target tissues.
abnormal insulin secretion.
A+ TEST BANK 3
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
beta cell destruction.
inappropriate hepatic glycogenesis.
beta cell destruction
Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis include:
hypotension.
bradycardia.
low cardiac output.
cardiac arrythmia.
cardiac arrhythmia
An increase in metabolism causes a rise in oxygen consumption and production of metabolic
end products, with an accompanying increase in vasodilation.
The majority of patients with simple goiters are expected to have:
elevated triiodothyronine (T3) levels.
elevated thyroxine (T4) levels.
a euthyroid state.
a low level of serum thyroid stimulation hormone.
a euthyroid state
The most common cause of hypothyroidism is:
Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Graves' disease.
thyroid storm.
abnormal iodine metabolism.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
The complication associated with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes that is NOT a microvascular
complication is:
nephropathy.
neuropathy.
retinopathy.
peripheral arterial disease.
peripheral arterial disease.
A+ TEST BANK 4
APEA Pathophysiology Exam 1 STUDYGUIDE
(3 IN ONE DOCUMENT) latest ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS with DETAILED RATIONALES
GRADED A+ GUARANTEED PASS- ACE YOUR
EXAM
Diabetes is the leading cause of:
urosepsis.
end-stage renal disease.
acute coronary syndrome.
pancreatitis.
end-stage renal disease
Diabetes is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, adult-onset blindness, and
nontraumatic lower extremity amputations in the United States. The chronic hyperglycemia
that is associated with diabetes mellitus and a dysregulated metabolic system may be
associated with secondary damage in multiple organ systems, especially the kidneys, eyes,
nerves, and blood vessels.
An autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland by
antibodies that act through normal TSH receptors is:
celiac disease.
Graves' disease.
Multiple sclerosis.
Sjogren's syndrome.
A+ TEST BANK 1
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
Graves' disease, one of the autoimmune thyroid diseases, is caused by the production of IgG
autoantibodies directed against the thyrotropin receptor. These antibodies bind to and
activate the receptor, causing the autonomous production of thyroid hormones.
In a patient with hyperglycemia, the nurse practitioner knows that hyperosmolar
hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) will NOT produce:
dehydration.term-3
glycosuria.
high glucose levels.
ketogenesis.
ketogenesis
In the patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic state (HHNS), glucose levels are
significantly higher (>600 mg/dL) than in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA; >250 mg/dL).
Glycosuria is also higher in HHNS than DKA because blood glucose levels are higher.
In addition, renal dysfunction is more marked
The thyroid hormone that is responsible for calcium regulation is:
triiodothyronine (T3).
thyroxine (T4).
thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin).
thyroid-stimulating hormone.
thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin)
Hyperglycemia in patients who have Type 2 diabetes can cause:
anorexia.
hematuria.
thirst.
hyperphagia.
thirst
Thirst results from the intracellular dehydration that occurs as blood glucose levels rise and
water is pulled out of body cells, including those in the thirst center.
Risk factors that predispose a patient to Graves disease include:
a family history of Graves' disease in men of the family.
female sex.
a history of alcoholism.
being in the first trimester of pregnancy.
A+ TEST BANK 2
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
female sex
The disorder that is caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone is known as:
hypercalcemia.
histiocytosis.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
diabetes insipidus.
diabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disorder of water metabolism caused by a deficiency in antidiuretic
hormone (ADH). ADH is also referred to as vasopressin. The absence of ADH allows filtered
water to be excreted in the urine instead of reabsorbed. This causes excessive urination,
thirst, and fluid intake.
The most common signs of newly diagnosed diabetes include:
peripheral neuropathy.
polyuria.
hyperphagia.
blurred vision.
polyuria
In thyrotoxic crisis, T3 and T4 are overproduced, causing hypermetabolism from the
overproduction of:
dopamine.
catecholamines.
epinephrine.
norepinephrine.
epinephrine
In thyrotoxic crisis (also known as thyroid storm), the thyroid gland secretes the thyroid
hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and/or thyroxine (T4). When T3 and/or T4 are overproduced,
systemic adrenergic activity increases. The result is epinephrine overproduction and severe
hypermetabolism, leading rapidly to cardiac, GI, and sympathetic nervous system
decompensation.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by:
resistance to insulin action in target tissues.
abnormal insulin secretion.
A+ TEST BANK 3
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
beta cell destruction.
inappropriate hepatic glycogenesis.
beta cell destruction
Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis include:
hypotension.
bradycardia.
low cardiac output.
cardiac arrythmia.
cardiac arrhythmia
An increase in metabolism causes a rise in oxygen consumption and production of metabolic
end products, with an accompanying increase in vasodilation.
The majority of patients with simple goiters are expected to have:
elevated triiodothyronine (T3) levels.
elevated thyroxine (T4) levels.
a euthyroid state.
a low level of serum thyroid stimulation hormone.
a euthyroid state
The most common cause of hypothyroidism is:
Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Graves' disease.
thyroid storm.
abnormal iodine metabolism.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
The complication associated with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes that is NOT a microvascular
complication is:
nephropathy.
neuropathy.
retinopathy.
peripheral arterial disease.
peripheral arterial disease.
A+ TEST BANK 4
