CMN 10V – Final questions and
answers graded A+ 2025/2026
mass media effect - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔a change in an outcome within a person or social
entity that is due to mass media influence following exposure to a mass media message or
series of messages
types of mass media effects - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔1. cognitions
2. attitudes
3. beliefs
4. affects
5. physiology
6. behavior
differential susceptibility - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔cause mass media effects to be not uniform
due to individual's:
1. disposition
2. developmental
3. social
effects of violent content - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔1. the aggressor effect
2. the fear of victimization effect
3. desensitization
,the aggressor effect - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔exposure to violence makes people more
aggressive
males and children more susceptible
the fear of victimization effect - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔heavy tv viewers have higher fear of
becoming victim of violence, higher distrust in others, higher perception of world as dangerous,
mean and hostile
occurs when evaluating unfamiliar environments
desensitization effect - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔more violent media causes less sympathy to
victims
perceive people to be less injured, less willing to help those in need (Drabman & Thomas, 1976)
overall effect is small but depends on many factors (gender, age, level of aggression)
prosocial effects of media - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔voluntary acts that are for the benefit of
others
media effects on helping behaviors - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔prosocial video games increase
prosocial behaviors over time (Gentile 2009)
50% prosocial gamers intervened in confrontation, 20% of neutral (Greitemayer, 2011)
effects of morality - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔1999 - 1/20 top children tv included prosocial lesson
(Woodard)
2008 - 75% of child TV included act of altruism (Wilson, Kunkel, Drogos)
preschool children do not comprehend/transfer moral messages in prosocial TV (Mares &
Acosta, 2008)
moral messages in prosocial TV - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔over reliance on verbal messages (no
parents included)
, children might learn, even if they can't express it
exposure to fairness - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔increase perspective-taking abilities (Cingel,
Kremar, Olsen, Pictrantonio, 2016)
influenced moral judgements and reasoning
watching with parent helped the process
influenced by social factors
social factors of watching prosocial TV - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔inclusion/exclusion had no effect
when watched with other children (Mares & Acosta, 2010)
watching with BFF increased exclusion (Cingel & Sumter)
media effects on physical well-being - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔leads to disordered eating
can predict in preadolescent girls not boys (until college aged) (Moriarty & Harrison)
females internalize thin ideal because of media exposure (Grabe)
male body dissatisfaction - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔leads to lower self esteem and more exercise
for muscles (Bartlett)
female body dissatisfaction - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔leads to lower self esteem and bad eating
to get thinner (Bartlett)
media effects on mental well-being - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔effects child self-esteem (Martins &
Harrison, 2011)
due to type of content, representation, and roles
TV exposure to white boys - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔increase self-esteem
answers graded A+ 2025/2026
mass media effect - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔a change in an outcome within a person or social
entity that is due to mass media influence following exposure to a mass media message or
series of messages
types of mass media effects - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔1. cognitions
2. attitudes
3. beliefs
4. affects
5. physiology
6. behavior
differential susceptibility - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔cause mass media effects to be not uniform
due to individual's:
1. disposition
2. developmental
3. social
effects of violent content - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔1. the aggressor effect
2. the fear of victimization effect
3. desensitization
,the aggressor effect - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔exposure to violence makes people more
aggressive
males and children more susceptible
the fear of victimization effect - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔heavy tv viewers have higher fear of
becoming victim of violence, higher distrust in others, higher perception of world as dangerous,
mean and hostile
occurs when evaluating unfamiliar environments
desensitization effect - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔more violent media causes less sympathy to
victims
perceive people to be less injured, less willing to help those in need (Drabman & Thomas, 1976)
overall effect is small but depends on many factors (gender, age, level of aggression)
prosocial effects of media - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔voluntary acts that are for the benefit of
others
media effects on helping behaviors - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔prosocial video games increase
prosocial behaviors over time (Gentile 2009)
50% prosocial gamers intervened in confrontation, 20% of neutral (Greitemayer, 2011)
effects of morality - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔1999 - 1/20 top children tv included prosocial lesson
(Woodard)
2008 - 75% of child TV included act of altruism (Wilson, Kunkel, Drogos)
preschool children do not comprehend/transfer moral messages in prosocial TV (Mares &
Acosta, 2008)
moral messages in prosocial TV - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔over reliance on verbal messages (no
parents included)
, children might learn, even if they can't express it
exposure to fairness - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔increase perspective-taking abilities (Cingel,
Kremar, Olsen, Pictrantonio, 2016)
influenced moral judgements and reasoning
watching with parent helped the process
influenced by social factors
social factors of watching prosocial TV - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔inclusion/exclusion had no effect
when watched with other children (Mares & Acosta, 2010)
watching with BFF increased exclusion (Cingel & Sumter)
media effects on physical well-being - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔leads to disordered eating
can predict in preadolescent girls not boys (until college aged) (Moriarty & Harrison)
females internalize thin ideal because of media exposure (Grabe)
male body dissatisfaction - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔leads to lower self esteem and more exercise
for muscles (Bartlett)
female body dissatisfaction - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔leads to lower self esteem and bad eating
to get thinner (Bartlett)
media effects on mental well-being - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔effects child self-esteem (Martins &
Harrison, 2011)
due to type of content, representation, and roles
TV exposure to white boys - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔increase self-esteem
