Irene Gold PT Review Notes Exam with verified ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
detailed solutions ||\\//||
Cardiovascular Fitness Definition - correct answer✔✔- Aerobic exercise = vigorous exercise ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
that results in oxygen consumption (from 50-80% max) and HR (from 60-90% max)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
maintains this level for at least 15-20 minutes ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Aerobic exercises refers to cyclic movements caused by contraction of large muscle masses
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
relying on aerobic energy pathways
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Target HR Equation - correct answer✔✔220 beats/min - 20 (age) = 200 - 60 (estimated max
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
heart rate) - 60 (resting heart rate) = 140
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
x 0.75 (for heart rate range from 0.6 to 0.9) + 60 (resting heart rate) = 185 (target heart rate)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Williams Approach - correct answer✔✔- Premise is that cause of most low back pain is ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
acquired by walking upright in a straight position ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Williams states that normal posture is with knees bent and torso slightly bent foward
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- All activities should be geared to reducing lumbar lordosis
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
McKenzie approach - correct answer✔✔- Spinal assessment and therapy based on behavior ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
of pain and mechanical response to dynamic and static loading
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pain Syndromes - correct answer✔✔- Postural...end range stress of normal structures
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Dysfunction...end range stress leading to contracted or adherent structures
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Derangement...anatomical disruption or displacement of structure "herniated disc"
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Plyometrics - correct answer✔✔Based on the concept of power ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,* Force x Speed = Power
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Any exercise which a muscle is contracted eccentrically then immediately concentrically
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Example is a push-up with a clap in between
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Plyoemetrics - Exercise technique - correct answer✔✔Exercises that enable a muscle to ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
reach maximal force in the shortest time
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Movements
- Jumps
||\\//||
- Hops
||\\//||
- Bounds
||\\//||
- Box Drills
||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Depth Jumps
||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Use a pre-stretch countermovement that involves the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC_
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3 phases of SSC
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. Eccentric ||\\//||
2. Amortization ||\\//||
3. Concentric ||\\//||
Acute Care Management - correct answer✔✔- First 4 weeks
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Recover Care Management - correct answer✔✔- After 4 weeks ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Chronic phase - correct answer✔✔- After 12 weeks ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, Open Chain Exercises - correct answer✔✔Exercises performed typically where the hand or
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
foot is free to move. These exercises are typically non-weight bearing, with the movement
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
occurring at the elbow or knee joint. If there is any weight applied it is applied to the distal ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
portion of the limb. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Examples:
1. Bench press
||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Biceps curle
||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Leg extensions
||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. Straight leg raises
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Closed Chain Exercises - correct answer✔✔Exercises performed where the hand or foot is
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
fixed and cannot move. The hand/foot remains in constant contact with the surface, usually
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the ground or the base of a machine. These exercises are typically weight bearing exercises,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
where an exerciser uses their own body weight and/or external weight.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Examples:
1. Pushups ||\\//||
2. Handstand pushups
||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Pull ups||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. Squats ||\\//||
5. Lunges ||\\//||
Relationship between external demand and functional capacity - correct answer✔✔The ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
great external demand (load) -> the greater chance of injury
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
The more functional capacity -> the her trained and less of injury
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
detailed solutions ||\\//||
Cardiovascular Fitness Definition - correct answer✔✔- Aerobic exercise = vigorous exercise ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
that results in oxygen consumption (from 50-80% max) and HR (from 60-90% max)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
maintains this level for at least 15-20 minutes ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Aerobic exercises refers to cyclic movements caused by contraction of large muscle masses
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
relying on aerobic energy pathways
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Target HR Equation - correct answer✔✔220 beats/min - 20 (age) = 200 - 60 (estimated max
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
heart rate) - 60 (resting heart rate) = 140
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
x 0.75 (for heart rate range from 0.6 to 0.9) + 60 (resting heart rate) = 185 (target heart rate)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Williams Approach - correct answer✔✔- Premise is that cause of most low back pain is ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
acquired by walking upright in a straight position ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Williams states that normal posture is with knees bent and torso slightly bent foward
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- All activities should be geared to reducing lumbar lordosis
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
McKenzie approach - correct answer✔✔- Spinal assessment and therapy based on behavior ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
of pain and mechanical response to dynamic and static loading
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pain Syndromes - correct answer✔✔- Postural...end range stress of normal structures
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Dysfunction...end range stress leading to contracted or adherent structures
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Derangement...anatomical disruption or displacement of structure "herniated disc"
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Plyometrics - correct answer✔✔Based on the concept of power ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,* Force x Speed = Power
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Any exercise which a muscle is contracted eccentrically then immediately concentrically
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Example is a push-up with a clap in between
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Plyoemetrics - Exercise technique - correct answer✔✔Exercises that enable a muscle to ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
reach maximal force in the shortest time
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Movements
- Jumps
||\\//||
- Hops
||\\//||
- Bounds
||\\//||
- Box Drills
||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Depth Jumps
||\\//|| ||\\//||
- Use a pre-stretch countermovement that involves the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC_
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3 phases of SSC
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. Eccentric ||\\//||
2. Amortization ||\\//||
3. Concentric ||\\//||
Acute Care Management - correct answer✔✔- First 4 weeks
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Recover Care Management - correct answer✔✔- After 4 weeks ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Chronic phase - correct answer✔✔- After 12 weeks ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, Open Chain Exercises - correct answer✔✔Exercises performed typically where the hand or
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
foot is free to move. These exercises are typically non-weight bearing, with the movement
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
occurring at the elbow or knee joint. If there is any weight applied it is applied to the distal ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
portion of the limb. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Examples:
1. Bench press
||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Biceps curle
||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Leg extensions
||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. Straight leg raises
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Closed Chain Exercises - correct answer✔✔Exercises performed where the hand or foot is
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
fixed and cannot move. The hand/foot remains in constant contact with the surface, usually
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the ground or the base of a machine. These exercises are typically weight bearing exercises,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
where an exerciser uses their own body weight and/or external weight.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Examples:
1. Pushups ||\\//||
2. Handstand pushups
||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Pull ups||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. Squats ||\\//||
5. Lunges ||\\//||
Relationship between external demand and functional capacity - correct answer✔✔The ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
great external demand (load) -> the greater chance of injury
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
The more functional capacity -> the her trained and less of injury
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
